City planning and population health: a global challenge

Giles-Corti, Billie; Vernez-Moudon, Anne; Reis, Rodrigo Siqueira; Turrell, Gavin; Dannenberg, Andrew L.; Badland, Hannah; Foster, Sarah; Lowe, Melanie; Sallis, James F.; Stevenson, Mark; Owen, Neville

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30066-6

Cited by 954 publications

(701 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Giles-Corti et al [54] conducted a narrative literature review from various disciplines to study the connection between health and city planning. Although they concluded that the evidence in LMICs is limited to establish that urban and transport integration are critical for reducing health inequities, they found that traffic congestion is strongly associated with CVD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-communicable diseases in Indian slums: re-framing the Social Determinants of Health

Lumagbas

Coleman

Bunders

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in slums has pushed its residents to heightened vulnerability. The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework has been used to understand the social dynamics and impact of NCDs, especially in poorly resourced communities. Whilst the SDH has helped to discredit the characterisation of NCDs as diseases of affluence, its impact on policy has been less definite. Given the multitude of factors that interact in the presentation of NCDs, operationalising the SDH for policies and programmes that account for the contextual complexity of slums has stalled. Objective: To organise the complex networks of relations between SDH in slums so as to identify options for Indian municipal policy that are feasible to implement in the short term. Methods: The study reviews the literature describing SDH in Indian slums, specifically those that establish causal relations between SDH and NCDs. Root cause analysis was then used to organise the identified relations of SDH and NCDs. Results: Although poverty remains the largest structural determinant of health in slums, the multi-dimensional relations between SDH and NCDs are structured around four themes that describe the dynamics of slums, namely scarce clean water, low education, physical (in)activity and transportation. From the reviewed literature, four logic trees visualising the relations between SDH in slums and NCDs were constructed. The logic trees separate symptomatic problems from their more distal causes, and recommendations were formulated based on features of these relationships that are amenable to policy intervention. Conclusion: Root cause analysis provides a means to focus the lens of examination of SDH, as evidenced here for Indian slums. It provides a guide for the development of policies that are grounded in the actual health concerns of people in slums, and takes account of the complex pathways through which diseases are socially constituted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-communicable diseases in Indian slums: re-framing the Social Determinants of Health

Lumagbas

Coleman

Bunders

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…The significant importance of these multidimensional urban planning and design aspects in promoting active living have been highlighted in a recent Lancet Series in urban design, transport and health [50,51].…”

Section: In Pursuit Of Better Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Cities of Tomorrow: the Case for Large Scale Built Environment–Health Studies

Sarkar

Webster

2017

J Urban Health

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“…As already suggested [58], the issue of city planning and population health is not new, and in 19th century urban planning of industrialized cities curbed the spread of infectious diseases, improving in-house sanitation and building adequate sewage systems. Currently, reorganizing cities starting with car-free policies, far from being utopic, is a process that is going to start in many places in the world, with the aim of counteracting the spread of non-communicable disease pandemics.…”

Section: Lifestyle Change At the Population Level Starting From A Retmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the risk also exists that introducing car-free zones, if not adequately planned, may induce a redistribution of car traffic towards low-income neighborhoods thus exacerbating socioeconomic-related health differences [61]. Recently, 8 integrated interventions have been identified to influence transport mode choices (Table 3), but many obstacles and barriers exist and challenge these urban planning programs [58]. It is likely that the main obstacle is the need for significant economic investments that have been estimated in about US$ 58 trillion in the next 10-15 years for a worldwide upgrade [62].…”

Section: Lifestyle Change At the Population Level Starting From A Retmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia?

Buscemi

Giordano

2017

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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Favoring correct lifestyles is the most important measure to contrast cardiovascular diseases and the epidemic of high cardiovascular risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Lifestyle is a broad expression that includes diet, physical exercise, and psychological and socio-economic factors, each of which must be taken into due consideration because of their intertwining influences, which may be a barrier to healthy changes at both the individual and population levels. While physical activity has probably received less attention in the last decades, it is likely the most important among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Improving the habitual physical activity level is an achievable goal, and even small improvements may have important favorable effects on health. Strategies at the population level have to be urgently taken, and involve not only public health, but also administrators and politicians, starting from a rethinking of our cities.

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City planning and population health: a global challenge

Cited by 954 publications

References 106 publications

Non-communicable diseases in Indian slums: re-framing the Social Determinants of Health

Non-communicable diseases in Indian slums: re-framing the Social Determinants of Health

Healthy Cities of Tomorrow: the Case for Large Scale Built Environment–Health Studies

Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia?

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