Citygml-based 3d City Model For Energy Diagnostics And Urban Energy Policy Support

Identification of existing tools and workflows for solar neighborhood planning

“…The Level of Detail (LoD) classification is frequently used in 3D city modelling to indicate the degree of accuracy and sophistication in a digital model representation of a built environment. LoD range from lowest (0) to highest (4), and the numbers indicate the following aggregate building model precision: 0 -2D footprint representation, 1simple rectangular building massing with flat roofs and homogenous vertical surfaces, 2 -added roof slopes, 3added window placements and façade details, 4 -added layouts and features of the interiors (Nouvel et al, 2013). LoD 1 is very common in large-scale urban studies, because it is not computationally heavy, as high-accuracy models of large areas greatly exacerbate workflow efficiency, and because very often simple LoD 1 building massing is readily obtained from survey data without the need for laborious manual override.…”

“…LoD 1 is very common in large-scale urban studies, because it is not computationally heavy, as high-accuracy models of large areas greatly exacerbate workflow efficiency, and because very often simple LoD 1 building massing is readily obtained from survey data without the need for laborious manual override. Common applications of LoD 1 include calculations of: Sky View Factor (Chatzipoulka et al, 2018), irradiance (Carneiro et al, 2010, heating demand (Nouvel et al, 2013), and combinations of solar and daylight availability predictions (Compagnon, 2004). Generally speaking, in the estimation of the solar potential at the urban scale, small construction details are often omitted as they have a much lower impact on the annual potential compared to the massing of building forms and urban layout (Dogan et al, 2012).…”

“…The importance of precise glazing modelling on facades was previously brought to attention; however, there is a lack of measurement data to assist digital modelling processes in order to reach LoD 3 (Compagnon, 2004) (Nouvel et al, 2013) (Freitas et al, 2015). This creates a barrier in modelling of existing buildings using LoD 3.…”

A Tangible Interface for Collaborative Urban Design for Energy Efficiency, Daylighting, And Walkability

“…They should instead be designed for resource-efficiency, with quality indoor and outdoor spaces that support communities and favor human-powered modes of transportation such as walking and biking. In recent years, the building performance simulation community has made significant progress towards developing planning tools that predict various measures of urban sustainability, from operational (Nouvel et al, 2013;Reinhart et al, 2013;Robinson et al, 2009) and embodied building energy use (Davila and Reinhart, 2013) to daylight (Dogan et al, 2012) and walkability (Rakha and Reinhart, 2012). Some of these tools are usable by urban designers and architects, but the neighborhood design process generally involves many more stakeholders, including city governments, citizens, developers, financiers, and others, and is far more complicated than simple selection of the "best" solution as identified by a computer program.…”

“…One possible approach is the use of a tangible user interface (TUI) (Ullmer and Ishii, 2000), which is a system marrying representation and control, allowing novice users to perform urban design and see the results of their design in real time without any modeling training. Such physical design interfaces have previously found success in architectural and urban design and analysis (Huang et al, 2003;Piper et al, 2002;Seichter and Schnabel, 2005;Strzalka et al, 2011;Underkoffler and Ishii, 1999). This document presents a new such collaborative design tool that uses Lego blocks to allow novices to design a neighborhood.…”