Th emes in the papers in this special issue of the JRA on moral development are identifi ed. We discuss the intersection of moral development research with policy concerns, the distinctive qualities of moral life in adolescence that warrant investigation, the multiple connotations of "moral," the methods typical of moral development research, and the infl uences that shape adolescent moral development. Suggestions are made for new methods and new directions in the study of moral development.Moral development in adolescence has reached maturity as an area of research. Th is special issue of the Journal of Research on Adolescence, which collects some of the very best investigations on adolescent moral development, is one indication. Expansive reviews of the large literature will also appear in the Handbook of Moral Development (Killen & Smetana, in press), the Handbook of Child Development (Damon, in press), and in the most recent volume in the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation series (Carlo & Edwards, in press). Moreover, there are hundreds of research papers related to moral development in adolescence appearing each year, many of which escape synthesis in the various reviews and collections just mentioned.
THE INTERSECTION OF MORALITY AND ADOLESCENCEWhy has moral development in adolescence become such a popular topic among researchers? Th ere are political and theoretical reasons for the attention paid to moral development. Th e political reason is that research is infl uenced by public opinion particularly through federal funding of research, and the public believes that adolescents are morally defi cient. When asked in a recent national poll to describe adolescents, almost three-quarters of American adults used words suggesting moral shortcomings such as "rude," "irresponsible," and so on (Duff ett, Johnson, & Farkas, 1999). Only 15% of adults in the same survey described teenagers positively (Duff ett et al., 1999). Asked to identify the most serious problem confronting youth, American adults answered that it is the failure of adolescents to learn moral values (Duff ett et al., 1999). Given the perceptions that American youth are morally defi cient and that this shortcoming threatens society (perceptions that are surely wrong; see Youniss & Hart, 2002 for an exploration), it is not surprising that policy makers and researchers have focused attention on moral development. While the burgeoning of literature on moral development in adolescence has been driven in part by the mistaken belief that today's cohort of youth is particularly immoral, it is also a product of the recognition of the genuine theoretical opportunities off ered by focusing on adolescents' moral capacities. Th e papers in this issue capitalize on this insight in various ways.One important theme in the papers in this issue is that adolescence is the foundation for adulthood. Matsuba and Walker suggest that moral exemplars-Gandhi, for example-can be understood by studying the developing moral commitments of adolescents and young adults. Implicit ...