“…Although the lack of empirical evidence from K-12 civics classrooms precludes a definitive answer to that question, the literature on undergraduate political science instruction offers anecdotal evidence to support a greater disciplinary focus in K-12 civics courses. Multiple studies on the use of polling data, experiential learning, and simulated electoral decision making in survey political science courses suggest that disciplinary approaches can lead to greater civic understanding, engagement, and self-efficacy among students (e.g., Bennion, 2006;Bernstein, 2008;Coffey, Miller, & Feuerstein, 2011;Cole, 2003;Williamson & Gregory, 2010). 5 If these types of disciplinary approaches appear to enhance students' civic education, then it is reasonable to ask why they have not been adopted by K-12 civics teachers.…”