Civil Defense Implications of the U.S. Nuclear Power Industry during a Large Nuclear War in the Year 2000

Chester, C.V.; Chester, R.O.

doi:10.13182/nt76-a31669

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The only difference is that the superscript q=U for the tropospheric (intermediate) deposition, all of which occurs in the first quarter. The curves in Figure 6 from [4] show the gamma-ray dose rate versus time after detonation for a 1-Mton fission weapon O-MT), the equilibrium core of a light water reactor (CORE), the inventory associated with a 5-ton per day nuclear fuel reprocessing plant that has 10 years of stored high-level waste (HLW), and 10-years of spent fuel stored at a LWR (SF). The units have been converted to (rem -km^/qtr.…”

Section: -15-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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GLODEP2: a computer model for estimating gamma dose due to worldwide fallout of radioactive debris

Edwards¹,

Harvey²,

Peterson³

1984

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Thb \t u hrferBH! rtjwt iunM pclourily for lateral or llnilri ritral dfalrihittaa. 1 •fkiloH md cndutHB Kited in ftwt of 4c niter nd my or roiy not he fax af IV LafcorMtry. \ Work ptrlomcd srier ItK uafkes of r»« US. Dtptmam of Ewrgjr hjr the Lawrence LtrtrMtn Ldoraiorj infer Cornet W-7*B.Eo(-48. DISCLAIMERThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States , Governmmt Ncilber Ihe United States Government nor any agency thereof, rot any of their j ' employees, i^afce* any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any Legal liability or responsi bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any informatioii, apparatus, product, or process diidoosd, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer ence herein to aoy opcode commercial product, process, gr service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recomniefldtfitrai or favoring by the* United States Government or any agency thereof. The views end opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United Slates Government or any agency thereof. ilS-fi.SM Ofm 3(»-« ts USURHUi ABSTRACT ! The GLODEPZ computer code provides estimates of the surface deposition of • "worldwide" radioactivity and the gamma-ray dose to man from intermediate and i long-term fallout. The code is based on empirical models derived primarily from i injection-deposition experience gained from the U.S. and U.S.S.R. nuclear tests in | 1958. i -3-Tne HAS report does not examine these problems. However, C. V. Chester and R. O. Chester [4] published a study of local fallout from nuclear power facilities in 1976. The AMBIO [2] publication also addresses this problem.The objective of this report is to document the development of a computer code, GLODEP2, capable of estimating the potential hazard due to gamma-ray dose from radioactive worldwide fallout.Local fallout occurs mostly downwind of the detonation site on a time scale of hours to a day after the burst and will not be considered in this report. Intermediate fallout occurs on a time scale of days to a month or two. The debris cloud encircles the globe, perhaps several times, as a diffusing cloud of decreasing radioactivity. This portion of the fallout is contained within the troposphere, the first 9-17 km of the atmosphere. A Gaussian diffusion deposition model is employed to model this fallout.Long-term fallout is defined as debris initially placed into the stratosphere, or higher, that deposits over the globe on a time scale of months to years after nuclear events. In GLODEP2 this fallout is modeled in essentially the same manner as that reported by Peterson [5] in 1970.Given the yield, fission fraction, height of burst, latitude and season of each nuclear burst and the type of nuclear installation (if any) involved, the fractional injections into the atmosphere and surface deposition of radioactive debris is predicted. This debris is then converted to a gamma-ray...

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Section: -15-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6. Gamma-ray dose area integral rate versus time after shutdown or detonation (Chester and Chester, 1976).…”

Section: -15-mentioning

confidence: 99%

GLODEP2: a computer model for estimating gamma dose due to worldwide fallout of radioactive debris

Edwards¹,

Harvey²,

Peterson³

1984

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“…5000-MT) yield directed toward military, industrial, and population targets in the contiguous U.S. was chosen (Ch76). This size attack is based on an assumed configuration of the USSR's strategic force (Le75) and is consistent with half of the 10,000-MT exchange used by the NAS in their study of long-term weapons effects (NRC75a).…”

Section: Parameters and Assumptions For Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Excess Radiogenic Cancer Deaths After a Nuclear Attack

Ks¹,

Cv²

1981

Health Physics

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An effective civil defense program can reduce prompt fatalities in a nuclear war to a few percent of the population. Under these circumstances, the number of possible delayed cancer deaths among the survivors due to radiation exposure is of concern. These deaths were estimated for a 5000-MT attack on a population of the contiguous U.S. which had been 80% evacuated from risk areas and provided with shelters of varying protection factors. Under the assumptions of the study, the principle radiation exposure was from external exposure received in recovery operations outside the shelter during the first year. Radiogenic cancer deaths were examined by year of occurrence and age group exposed. Under our assumptions. which include a continuing exposure control program, radiogenic cancer will cause an average loss of life expectancy of less than 1.2 yr. Further evacuation from the most highly contaminated areas. better shelters, and limited daily radiation exposure can reduce the expected cancer effects. If daily exposures of 6 R/day are necessary in recovery operations, the average loss of life expectancy from radiogenic cancer can be lowered to 0.2 yr for the population as a whole by minimizing the exposure of the people under 40 yr old. Use of stored food for the first year can diminish the impact of ingestion of contaminated food. Radiogenic cancer is unlikely to present any threat to the survival of society in any case, but prudent exposure management can reduce the number of cancer deaths in the years after the attack.

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Plutonium ist hier die Frage — der Unterschied des Brüterreaktors von den bisherigen Kernreaktoren

Grupp¹

1985

AUSgebrütet — Argumente Zur Brutreaktorpolitik

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Civil Defense Implications of the U.S. Nuclear Power Industry during a Large Nuclear War in the Year 2000

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

GLODEP2: a computer model for estimating gamma dose due to worldwide fallout of radioactive debris

GLODEP2: a computer model for estimating gamma dose due to worldwide fallout of radioactive debris

Minimizing Excess Radiogenic Cancer Deaths After a Nuclear Attack

Plutonium ist hier die Frage — der Unterschied des Brüterreaktors von den bisherigen Kernreaktoren

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