Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides as potential new fungal antagonists of Puccinia horiana Henn., the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust

Abstract

Puccinia horiana Hennings, the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust, is a worldwide quarantine organism and one of the most important fungal pathogens of Chrysanthemum × morifolium cultivars, which are used for cut flowers and as potted plants in commercial production regions of the world. It was previously reported to be controlled by Lecanicillium lecanii, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, C. uredinicola and Aphanocladium album, due to their antagonistic and hyperparasitic effects. We report novel antagonist species on Puccinia horiana. Fungi isolated from rust pustules in a commercial greenhouse from Villa Guerrero, México, were identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides based upon molecular analysis and morphological characters. The antagonism of C. cladosporioides and C. pseudocladosporioides on chrysanthemum white rust was studied using light and electron microscopy in vitro at the host/parasite interface. Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. pseudocladosporioides grew towards the white rust teliospores and colonized the sporogenous cells, but no direct penetration of teliospores was observed; however, the structure and cytoplasm of teliospores were altered. The two Cladosporium spp. were able to grow on media containing laminarin, but not when chitin was used as the sole carbon source; these results suggest that they are able to produce glucanases. Results from the study indicate that both Cladosporium species had potential as biological control agents of chrysanthemum white rust.

Comparison of Microbial Community of Rhizosphere and Endosphere in Kiwifruit

“…The fungus was detected at all part of American sweetgum plant tissues, including rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. Torres et al (2017) observed and verified that C. cladosporioides suppressed rust disease occurrence due to antagonistic and hyperparasitic effects of the fungus against the pathogen. Assignment of functional guild using FUNGuild revealed difference between rhizosphere and endosphere fungal population (Fig.…”

Evaluation of Cladosporium sp. Mycoparacites as Biocontrol Agents of White Rust Disease on Chrysanthemum

“…The evidence of direct penetration of Cladosporium to P. horiana teliospores could not be verified, since SEM was only able to capture the outer side of teliospores. According to Torres et al (2017) the parasitic mechanism of Cladosporium to P. horiana was not through a direct penetration to the rust teliospores, though certain Cladosporium species excreted glutacanases enzyme when parasitizing U. appendiculatus. The possible Cladosporium -P. horiana relationships was by antibiotic mechanism that affecting teliospores morphology.…”

“…tritici and Coleosporium plumeriae (Baiswar, Chandra, & Kumar, 2008;Köhl, Molhoek, Groenenboom-De Haas, & Goossen-Van De Geijn, 2009;Zhan et al, 2014). On Puccinia horiana only C. uredinicola, C. sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides have been previously reported (García-Velasco et al, 2005;Srivastava, Défago, & Kern, 1985;Torres et al, 2017) that inhibited the disease development up to 30 -80% (Torres et al, 2017;Yusuf, Nuryani, & Hanudin, 2016).…”

“…To coupe this situation, growers then tend to use various kinds of fungicide with inappropriate dosages expecting the reduction of damages. In long and frequent applications, these practices would induce pathogen resistance and make the chemicals no longer effective (Torres et al, 2017). The chemicals were often employed even in the absent of the symptoms and intensity of the diseases to assure the marketable flower quality.…”

Enhancement of rice and wheat seed germination and seedling vigor by biocontrol agent, Cladosporium cladosporioides

“…The Cladosporium is one of the extensively studied and the largest genera of hyphomycetes (Dugan et al, 2004). It has also been isolated as saprophytes as well as associated with plants (Torres et al, 2017;Saranya et al, 2013;Bensch et al, 2010) and insects (Habashy et al, 2016;Abdel-Baky, 2000;Abdel-Baky et al, 1998). Several lines of evidence suggest that C. cladosporioides is a potent entomopathogenic fungus and thus a potential candidate for biocontrol of insect pests (Islam et al, 2019;Habashy et al, 2016;Eken and Hayat, 2008).…”