Clamp-Force Estimation for a Brake-by-Wire System: A Sensor-Fusion Approach

Saric, Stephen; Bab–Hadiashar, Alireza; Hoseinnezhad, Reza

doi:10.1109/tvt.2007.905251

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The thermocouple temperature sensor can be used to predict the brake disc temperature and the characteristic curve can be corrected based on the predicted temperature if the ambient temperature changes the characteristic curve [55]. In order to estimate the high dynamic caliper force, Saric uses the internal resolver and the dynamic stiffness relationship between the motor angle and clamp force to estimate the clamp force first; and then uses the motor current sensor, internal resolver, and torque balance method to estimate the caliper force again; the maximum-likelihood estimator was finally designed to fuse the outputs of two independent algorithms to optimize the caliper force estimation [56]. It should be noted that the internal resolver is absolute-angle sensor that needs to be integrated with the angle tracking observer to provide position and speed feedback variables for EMB.…”

Section: Caliper Force/braking Force Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Gong

Yan

et al. 2020

Actuators

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews and summarizes the development, key technologies, and application of brake-by-wire (BBW) actuators. BBW is the technology orientation of future vehicle brake system. The main feature of BBW is to replace some of the mechanical and hydraulic components of traditional brake system with electronic control components, and use cables and wires to transmit energy and signals. BBW actuators have outstanding advantages, such as fast response, accurate control, and compact structure. They are easy to integrate with active safety functions and they are easily matched with the regenerative braking systems of electric vehicle. First, this paper summarizes the classification, characteristics, performance, and architecture of BBW actuators. Subsequently, the braking process regulation of vehicle is considered to be the main target, which is summarized from two aspects of actuator regulation and braking force distribution. The state estimation algorithm and control algorithm applied to these actuators are summarized and analyzed, and the development trend, challenges, and schemes of the braking force distribution are proposed. The development and research trend of braking force match strategies between the regenerative brake system and BBW system are also analyzed and summarized. The further electrification and intelligence of vehicle demand BBW's braking force control method and distribution method must have higher control accuracy, stronger robustness, and wider adaptability, and the effects on braking comfort and handling stability must be further discussed.Actuators 2020, 9, 15 2 of 24 new features [2,3]. The additional functions, such as ABS and ESP, require additional devices, such as high-speed solenoid valves, oil return pumps, and return lines. Therefore, the structure of hydraulic brake system is becoming increasingly complex, and the maintenance is also becoming more and more difficult [4,5]. At present, new energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), are developing rapidly and are highly concerned by major automotive manufacturers. However, most electric vehicles still use hydraulic brake system. On the one hand, the electric vehicles cannot use vacuum boosters to provide auxiliary force. The electric hydraulic pump must first be used to increase the hydraulic pressure, and then delivers the high pressure to each wheel. The electric energy needs to be converted and then transmitted multiple times in this process, so the energy utilization efficiency is not high, and there is the potential danger of brake fluid leakage. On the other hand, the hydraulic brake system cannot accurately and independently regulate the braking force, so it cannot be well matched with the regenerative brake system of EV and HEV [6].Actuators 2020, 9, 15 2 of 24 hydraulic brake system is becoming increasingly complex, and the maintenance is also becoming more and more difficult [4,5]. At present, new energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV)...

show abstract

Section: Caliper Force/braking Force Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Gong

Yan

et al. 2020

Actuators

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The braking pedal of BBW is usually equipped with several electronic sensors that provide redundant information about braking request. Thus, when a brake force applies to the brake pedal, three possible sensors are usually utilized to measure required braking force: (1) pedal displacement sensor (measures pedal displacement as a result of applying force on the pedal) [3], (2) force sensor (measures applied force on brake pedal), and (3) pressure sensor (measures applied pressure to brake pedal) [5]. In addition to that, the brake pedal of BBW may not necessarily be as the general brake device, rather than it could be a hand-adjacent device placed at the steering wheel that enables driver to apply brakes with hand movement as suggested in [5].…”

Section: Bbw Design and Principle Of Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worked Example of X-by-Wire Technology in Electric Vehicle: Braking and Steering

Sider¹,

Hassan²

2019

New Trends in Electrical Vehicle Powertrains

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chapter emphasizes on the worked example of braking system and steering system for electric vehicle. The x-by-wire technology is investigated and validated comprehensively. Brake-by-wire is considered a new brake technology that uses electronic devices and control system instead of conventional brake components to carry out braking function based on wire-transmitted information. However, the physical parameters associated with braking function cause nonlinear characteristics and variations in the braking dynamics, which eventually degrade stability and performance of the system. Therefore, this study presents the design of fuzzy-PID controller for brake-by-wire (BBW) to overcome these undesired effects and also to derive optimal brake force that assists to perform braking operation under distinct road conditions and distinct road types. Electric power-assisted steering (EPAS) system is a new power steering technology for vehicles especially for electric vehicles (EV). It has been applied to displace conventional hydraulic power-assisted steering (HPAS) system due to space efficiency, environmental compatibility, and engine performance. An EPAS system is a driver-assisting feedback system designed to boost the driver input torque to a desired output torque causing the steering action to be undertaken at much lower steering efforts.

show abstract

“…An H-EMCS can also improve productivity compared with manual methods that use conventional bolt and nut fastenings, hydraulic drivers, or electromagnets [6,7]. Moreover, an H-EMCS reduces the risk of industrial accidents by replacing conventional mechanical clamping systems with electronic structures [8,9]. Specifically, even if the power supply is shut off, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet is maintained so that the load remains continuously attached to the H-EMCS, preventing the load from falling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Hybrid Electromagnetic Clamping System by Reducing the Leakage Flux and Enhancing the Effective Flux

Baek

Yoon

2019

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In most industrial fields, mechanical clamping methods are traditionally used to transport heavy loads such as steel structures by fastening the load using bolts and nuts. However, this method can lead to industrial accidents during load transfer and does not consider the weight of the load. Recently, permanent magnet clamping methods have been proposed to prevent such accidents; for example, hybrid electromagnetic clamping systems (H-EMCSs), which combine permanent magnets and electromagnets and can adjust the clamping force according to the load weight. However, few studies have attempted to improve the electromagnetic structure and effective magnetic flux of H-EMCS. Specifically, H-EMCSs control the clamping force using several hybrid electromagnetic modules (H-EMMs); however, the leakage magnetic flux increases with an increasing number of H-EMMs. Therefore, the clamping force should be improved to avoid increasing the leakage magnetic flux. In this study, we propose a novel H-EMM structure and improve its electromagnetic force characteristics by changing the core shape and dimension effect in order to reduce the leakage flux and maximize the effective magnetic flux. Furthermore, we verify the improved electromagnetic force properties by experimentally validating the proposed model. This research can improve the safe and effective transfer of industrial loads.

show abstract

Clamp-Force Estimation for a Brake-by-Wire System: A Sensor-Fusion Approach

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Worked Example of X-by-Wire Technology in Electric Vehicle: Braking and Steering

Improving the Hybrid Electromagnetic Clamping System by Reducing the Leakage Flux and Enhancing the Effective Flux

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About