Clarifying the mechanism of flashover from the view of unburned fuel volatiles and secondary fuels

Experimental study of the influence of interior lining distributions on flashover in the enclosure with different ceiling structures

“…It is affected by the thermal property of interior linings, ventilation, the volume of enclosures, the height of soffit, and the chemistry of the hot gas layer. The phenomenon of flashover has been extensively studied . A great number of definitions to flashover have been developed based on experimental studies.…”

Predictions of NOx emissions in pulverized coal combustion.

“…Some researchers have observed this phenomenon, the existence of a certain concentration of O 2 will significantly enhance the extent of NO x reduction of carbon-containing substances such as coal, char and soot [186][187][188][189][190]. Another side effect is that if not enough oxygen is being provided during the primary combustion process it could lead to a thermal instability of the air / coal mixture due to unburned fuel volatiles which results in strong temperature fluctuations due to 'flashovers' in the downstream process [191]. Fan et al [192] stated that O 2 concentration close to zero leads to less surface-complex C(O) production which is not beneficial for the accelerated NO x reduction and when the O 2 concentration is too high (more than 4 %), the O 2 tends to consume a large amount of coal char through the direct combustion reaction which produced also significant amounts of NO x .…”