Clarifying the roles of schizotypy and psychopathic traits in lexical decision performance

Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word‐nonword recognition

“…This study examined neural activations during LDT in association with dimensional psychopathology‐related traits of positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity. Our findings showing that higher Motor Impulsivity was strongly associated with lower activity in several areas strongly involved in word‐nonword recognition are in concordance with recent behavioural findings in an independent sample (Vanova et al, 2022 ). Higher positive schizotypal traits (Unusual Experiences) were associated with lower neural activity in the left cerebellum in low‐frequency words, an area with connection to lexical and phonological knowledge areas.…”

“…Furthermore, we expected to see some distinct neural correlates for positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity along with relatively stronger associations with brain activity in some areas for Meanness and/or Motor Impulsivity, given that these traits had explained some unique but varying amount of variance in LDT performance in our previous study (Vanova et al, 2022 ).…”

“…We tentatively hypothesised that higher levels of positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences), psychopathy (Meanness, Boldness), and Motor Impulsivity will correlate with lower activation in areas associated with phonological processing when identifying lowfrequency words, real nonwords, and pseudohomophones in order of increasing involvement of phonological processing. Furthermore, we expected to see some distinct neural correlates for positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity along with relatively stronger associations with brain activity in some areas for Meanness and/or Motor Impulsivity, given that these traits had explained some unique but varying amount of variance in LDT performance in our previous study (Vanova et al, 2022).…”

“…In addition to task‐related factors, the pattern of brain activation may vary in relation to individual differences, for example, certain psychopathology‐related dimensions that negatively influence LDT performance (Harmon‐Jones et al, 1997 ; Heritage & Benning, 2013 ; Lorenz & Newman, 2002 ; Tan et al, 2016 ). Our recent study (Vanova et al, 2022 ) showed negative associations between LDT performance (accuracy) and Unusual Experiences (positive schizotypy) subscale of the Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O‐LIFE; Mason & Claridge, 2006 ), Boldness (fearless dominance), and Meanness (callous aggression) facets of psychopathy (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure [TriPM]; Patrick et al, 2009 ), as well as Motor Impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS‐11]; Patton et al, 1995 ) in a healthy volunteer sample. Importantly, we found that each of these traits explained some amount of unique variance in performance.…”

Comparison of the Speech Texts of Indonesian President Joko Widodo and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono: Study Using a Corpus Linguistic Approach

“…A lexical approach that analyzes linguistic phenomena has been carried out by previous researchers, among others Demidova et al (2023) researched about the use of lexical and grammatical review in Chinese, Vanova et al, (2022) researched about the use of lexical review of the language phenomena of people with schizophrenia, Li (2024) researched about the use of Mandarin is analyzed based on the context of lexical meaning and semantic changes , and Goddard & Wierzbicka (2021) researched about analysis of the use of words 'we' using linguistic and social cognitive theories. Based on the descriptions of previous researchers, it can be understood that lexical review can be applied to research linguistic phenomena at the individual and group levels.…”