Clarifying the taxonomy of<i>Gymnodinium fuscum</i>var.<i>rubrum</i>from Bavaria (Germany) and placing it in a molecular phylogeny of the Gymnodiniaceae (Dinophyceae)

Romeikat, Corinna; Knechtel, Johanna; Gottschling, Marc

doi:10.1080/14772000.2019.1699197

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There were no exclusive associations with habitat preference. Some of the dinophyte OTUs placed onto branches that contain freshwater species, such as the Gymnodiniaceae (Kretschmann et al 2015;Romeikat et al 2020), Tovelliaceae (Lindberg et al 2005), and peridinialean Naiadinium comprising a freshwater lineage within otherwise marine Scrippsiella s.l. (Kretschmann et al 2014;Luo et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling and sequencing of tropical soils originally took place in lowland rainforest in Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador (Mahé et al 2017). The extracted soils DNAs were amplified for the hyper-variable V4 region of the SSU-rRNA locus using general eukaryotic primers (Stoeck et al 2010); this short region has relatively strong phylogenetic signal, although it is not as strong as the full-length SSU-rRNA (Dunthorn et al 2014;Gottschling et al 2020).…”

Section: Environmental Sampling and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From GenBank, 228 ingroup dinophytes, plus 10 outgroups, were downloaded, then aligned with MAFFT v6.624b (Katoh and Standley 2013) using the -auto option. Based on previous analyses (Gottschling et al 2012(Gottschling et al , 2020 Žerdoner Č alasan et al 2019), the full sequences of each species were used without excluding ambiguously aligned positions sites. Phylogenetic inferences of the reference alignment were carried out by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) as described in detail by Gottschling et al (2012Gottschling et al ( , 2020, using RAxML v8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) with the GTR+G substitution model.…”

Section: Reference Treementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous analyses (Gottschling et al 2012(Gottschling et al , 2020 Žerdoner Č alasan et al 2019), the full sequences of each species were used without excluding ambiguously aligned positions sites. Phylogenetic inferences of the reference alignment were carried out by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) as described in detail by Gottschling et al (2012Gottschling et al ( , 2020, using RAxML v8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) with the GTR+G substitution model. To determine the best fitted ML tree, we executed 10-tree searches from distinct random stepwise addition sequence Maximum Parsimony starting trees and performed 1,000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates.…”

Section: Reference Treementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All known dinophytes are from marine or freshwater environments (Adl et al 2019). As they constitute a considerable fraction of the plankton and play an important role in the global aquatic ecosystem, HTS studies have detected dinophytes from waters sampled from the polar regions through to the tropics (de Vargas et al 2015;Le Bescot et al 2016;Elferink et al 2017;Decelle et al 2018;Lentendu et al 2018;Annenkova et al 2020;Giner et al 2020;Gottschling et al 2020). HTS studies have also detected DNA of dinophytes in terrestrial environments (Bates et al 2013;Geisen et al 2015;Mahé et al 2017;Venter et al 2017;Voss et al 2019), although they are not expected to be there.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The windblown: possible explanations for dinophyte DNA in forest soils

Gottschling¹,

Czech

Mahé

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dinophytes are widely distributed in marine- and fresh-waters, but have yet to be conclusively documented in terrestrial environments. Here we evaluated the presence of these protists from an environmental DNA metabarcoding dataset of Neotropical rainforest soils. Using a phylogenetic placement approach with a reference alignment and tree, we showed that the numerous sequencing reads that were assigned to the dinophytes did not associate with taxonomy, environmental preference, nutritional mode, or dormancy. All the dinophytes in the soils are most likely windblown dispersal units of aquatic species, and are not biologically active residents of terrestrial environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Sampling and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reference Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reference Treementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The windblown: possible explanations for dinophyte DNA in forest soils

Gottschling¹,

Czech

Mahé

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Bumps on the back: An unusual morphology in phylogenetically distinct Peridinium aff. cinctum (= Peridinium tuberosum; Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Gürkan,

Stemplinger,

Rockinger

et al. 2024

Org Divers Evol

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To determine the intraspecific variability of microscopic organisms such as dinophytes is challenging, but can be achieved using cultured material. Unusual morphologies of Peridinium tuberosum assigned to the Peridinium cinctum species group have been described as bulges on the posterior end of the cell a hundred years ago and more, but its taxonomic significance is unclear at present. We collected field material in Germany and Poland in order to establish strains to study cell morphology using light and scanning electron microscopy. For the cultured material, DNA sequence data from the rRNA operon was gained as well and included in molecular phylogenetics (including 22 new partial rRNA sequences). Two new, closely related ribotypes were detected, and all strains showed the principle morphology of P. cinctum having an asymmetric epitheca, a large first apical plate and a sulcus extending onto the epitheca. In the single-strain GeoM*979 assigned to one of the two new ribotypes, cells with bulges appeared rarely but consistently, mostly on the hypotheca, but other variations also occurred. Overall, cells of this strain display traits not observed before while studying cultured P. cinctum, and this distinction is further supported by molecular data and additional details of epithecal opening. However, there does not remain enough information to determine strain GeoM*979 as a separate species (namely P. tuberosum) and therefore, it is identified as Peridinium aff. cinctum until further notice.

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Toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum and their cysts in Taiwan Strait and their relationship to global populations

Liu

Krock

et al. 2020

Harmful Algae

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Gymnodinium catenatum is able to produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and was responsible for a massive bloom in the Taiwan Strait, East China Sea, in June 2017, which resulted in serious human poisoning and economic losses. To understand the origin of the bloom and determine the potential for blooms in subsequent years, water and sediment samples collected in the Taiwan Strait from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed for cells and cysts using light microscopy (LM) and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The morphology of both cells and cysts from the field and cultures was examined with LM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Large subunit (LSU) and/or internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S rRNA gene sequences were obtained in 13 isolates from bloom samples and five strains from cysts. In addition, cells of strains TIO523 and GCLY02 (from the Taiwan Strait and Yellow Sea of China, respectively) were subjected to growth experiments, and cysts from the field were used for germination experiments under various temperatures. Our strains shared identical LSU and ITS-5.8S rRNA gene sequences with those from other parts of the world, and therefore belonged to a global population. A low abundance of G. catenatum cells were detected during most of the sampling period, but a small bloom was encountered in Quanzhou on June 8, 2018. Few cysts were observed in 2016 but a marked increase was observed after the bloom in 2017, with a highest density of 689 cysts cm −3 . Cysts germinated at temperatures between 14 and 23°C with a final germination rate over 93%. Strains TIO523 and GCLY02 displayed growth at temperatures between 17 and 26°C and 14 and 26°C, respectively, with both strains displaying the highest growth rate of ca. 0.5 divisions d -1 at 23°C. The PSTs of the three strains and cysts from the sediments were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). All strains were able to produce PSTs, which were dominated by N-sulfocarbamoyl C toxins (C1/2, 53.0-143.5 pg cell −1 ) and decarbamoyl gonyautoxins (dcGTX2/3, 26.7-52.1 pg cell −1 ), although they were not detected in cysts. However, hydroxybenzoyl (GC) toxins were detected in both cells and cysts. Our results suggested that the population in the Taiwan Strait belonged to a warm water ecotype and has a unique toxin profile. Our results also suggested that the persistence of cells in the water column may have initiated the bloom.Gymnodinium catenatum fits the emended description of Gymnodinium (Daugbjerg et al., 2000), but it is distant from the type species of Gymnodinium in terms of its molecular phylogeny (Luo et al., 2018).A spherical, microreticulate cyst is produced by G. catenatum (Anderson et al., 1988), but later two other species, Gymnodinium nolleri and Gymnodinium microreticulatum, were reported to also produce similar microreticulate cysts (Bolch et al., 1999; Ellegaard and Moestrup, 1999). However, the motile cells of G. nolleri and G. microreticulatum do not form chains and their cysts are much smaller than tho...

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Clarifying the taxonomy ofGymnodinium fuscumvar.rubrumfrom Bavaria (Germany) and placing it in a molecular phylogeny of the Gymnodiniaceae (Dinophyceae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

The windblown: possible explanations for dinophyte DNA in forest soils

The windblown: possible explanations for dinophyte DNA in forest soils

Bumps on the back: An unusual morphology in phylogenetically distinct Peridinium aff. cinctum (= Peridinium tuberosum; Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum and their cysts in Taiwan Strait and their relationship to global populations

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