Class 1 Integron-Associated Tobramycin-Gentamicin Resistance in
            <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>
            Isolated from the Broiler Chicken House Environment

Lee, Margie D.; Sánchez, Susan; Zimmer, Martha; Idris, Umelaalim; Berrang, M. E.; McDermott, Patrick F.

doi:10.1128/aac.46.11.3660-3664.2002

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[76,113]. Furthermore, the presence of class 1 integrons in several Campylobacter isolates may in part offer an explanation for the high levels of resistance to sulphonamides, frequently reported among these organisms.…”

Section: Gene Cassettes and Class 1 Integronsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, mechanisms for the transfer of resistance both within Campylobacter spp. and between different genera of enteric organisms by means of mobile genetic elements may present a significant threat to the continued efficacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy [76,113].…”

Section: Surveillance Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Campylobacter Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31,138,159]. Studies are now reporting the existence of these structures in Campylobacter and therefore their role and contribution to antimicrobial resistance must be assessed [76,113].…”

Section: Mdr-mediated By Antimicrobial Efflux Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Campylobacter

et al. 2005

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-Species within the genus, Campylobacter, have emerged over the last three decades as significant clinical pathogens, particularly of human public health concern, where the majority of acute bacterial enteritis in the Western world is due to these organisms. Of particular concern are the species, C. jejuni and C. coli, which are responsible for most of these gastrointestinal-related infections. Although these organisms have already emerged as causative agents of zoonoses, several aspects of their epidemiology and pathophysiology are only beginning to emerge. Trends in increasing antibiotic resistance are beginning to emerge with oral antibiotics, which may be the drug of choice for when it is necessary to intervene chemotherapeutically. This review wishes to examine (i) emerging clinical aspects of the disease, such as Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS), (ii) the association between these organisms and poultry as a natural host, (iii) environmental aspects of Campylobacter epidemiology, (iv) the emergence of atypical campylobacters (v) emerging trends in antibiotic resistance, (vi) adoption of modern methods for the detection of campylobacters.

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Section: Gene Cassettes and Class 1 Integronsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Surveillance Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Campylobacter Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Campylobacter

et al. 2005

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“…Seven out of 10 flocks became colonized with Campylobacter by the time of slaughter, and two flocks were colonized by Campylobacter strains genetically indistinguishable from strains isolated from puddles outside of the facility prior to flock placement (Bull et al, 2006). Campylobacter strains with identical DNA fingerprints to those colonizing broilers have been measured in air up to 30 m downwind of broiler facilities housing colonized flocks (Lee et al, 2002). Although the route of entry was not determined, these studies clearly demonstrate that some pathogens can overcome standard bioexclusion measures.…”

Section: Biosecurity In Industrial Animal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Food Animal Production and Global Health Risks: Exploring the Ecosystems and Economics of Avian Influenza

et al. 2009

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Many emerging infectious diseases in human populations are associated with zoonotic origins.Attention has often focused on wild animal reservoirs, but most zoonotic pathogens of recent concern to human health either originate in, or are transferred to, human populations from domesticated animals raised for human consumption. Thus, the ecological context of emerging infectious disease comprises two overlapping ecosystems: the natural habitats and populations of wild animals, and the anthropogenically controlled habitats and populations of domesticated species. Intensive food animal production systems and their associated value chains dominate in developed countries and are increasingly important in developing countries. These systems are characterized by large numbers of animals being raised in confinement with high throughput and rapid turnover. Although not typically recognized as such, industrial food animal production generates unique ecosystems-environments that may facilitate the evolution of zoonotic pathogens and their transmission to human populations. It is often assumed that confined food animal production reduces risks of emerging zoonotic diseases. This article provides evidence suggesting that these industrial systems may increase animal and public health risks unless there is recognition of the specific biosecurity and biocontainment challenges of the industrial model. Moreover, the economic drivers and constraints faced by the industry and its participants must be fully understood in order to inform preventative policy. In order to more effectively reduce zoonotic disease risk from industrial food animal production, private incentives for the implementation of biosecurity must align with public health interests.

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“…[50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Campylobacter moves among avian host species, both domesticated 57 and wild, [58][59][60] and the exchange of Campylobacter between broiler flocks and wild avians can occur in both directions. 61 There are several pathways for Campylobacter colonization of broiler flocks including in ovo vertical transmission, carryover from previous flocks, horizontal transfer from other animals (wild or domestic), and contaminated feed and water. There is clear evidence that colonization of confined poultry flocks can also result from the entrance of Campylobacter from the immediate external environment (which may originate from nearby wastes or from wild avians), as demonstrated in study of Campylobacter -free broiler flocks, housed in sanitized facilities, using standard biosecurity measures, and fed Campylobacter -free feed and water.…”

Section: Environmental Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Animal-Human Interface and Infectious Disease in Industrial Food Animal Production: Rethinking Biosecurity and Biocontainment

et al. 2008

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Understanding interactions between animals and humans is critical in preventing outbreaks of zoonotic disease. This is particularly important for avian influenza. Food animal production has been transformed since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Poultry and swine production have changed from small-scale methods to industrial-scale operations. There is substantial evidence of pathogen movement between and among these industrial facilities, release to the external environment, and exposure to farm workers, which challenges the assumption that modern poultry production is more biosecure and biocontained as compared with backyard or small holder operations in preventing introduction and release of pathogens. An analysis of data from the Thai government investigation in 2004 indicates that the odds of H5N1 outbreaks and infections were significantly higher in large-scale commercial poultry operations as compared with backyard flocks. These data suggest that successful strategies to prevent or mitigate the emergence of pandemic avian influenza must consider risk factors specific to modern industrialized food animal production.

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Class 1 Integron-Associated Tobramycin-Gentamicin Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from the Broiler Chicken House Environment

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Campylobacter

Campylobacter

Industrial Food Animal Production and Global Health Risks: Exploring the Ecosystems and Economics of Avian Influenza

The Animal-Human Interface and Infectious Disease in Industrial Food Animal Production: Rethinking Biosecurity and Biocontainment

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