Class, Race, and Emotions

Casualties of debate: A critique of the sociology of emotion

“…As such, entire bodies of literature that have quite literally transformed sociological thinking on inequalities are often disregarded by profoundly “interdisciplinary” sociologists of emotion, even when their research centers on race, class, gender, politics, social movements, and social change (sadly, discussions of sexuality are rare at best, and disability, as a system of inequality, is ostensibly the sociological equivalent of a unicorn.). This is likely why “sex,” “gender,” and “sexuality” are routinely conflated (Lively & Heise, ; Schrock & Knop, ; Simon, ; Simon & Nath, ; Smith‐Lovin & Thoits, ), overgeneralizations such as “the black middle class” (Wilkins & Pace, ) are frequently deployed, and problematic language, such as “homosexual” (in a review of emotion and gender , [Schrock & Knop, ]), “homosexual community” (in a review of emotion and stratification , [Turner, ]), and “female concerns” (which, for readers' edification, are “boyfriends and beauty parlors” [Lively & Heise, , p. 57]), is commonly used.…”

Child and Parent Contributions to Maternal Emotion Socialization and Children's Emotion Outcomes in Late Childhood

“…Indeed, many additional transactional socialization processes and socialization agents beyond parents and children influence children's trajectories. For example, peer relationships (Criss, Houltberg, Cui, Bosler, Sheffield Morris, & Silk, 2016), mass media (Uhls & Greenfield, 2012;O'Keeffe & Clarke-Pearson, 2011;Prot et al, 2015), culture (Cole & Tan, 2015), and social class (Wilkins & Pace, 2014) are all critical socialization agents in shaping children's trajectories. Taken together, while acknowledging this clear complexity in socialization processes and agents, the theoretical work discussed below will focus on children and parents as socialization agents.…”

“…Parental emotion socialization responses take place within a complex system of factors and influences, and culture and social class are important distal factors that shape the context of parental socialization (Cole & Tan, 2015;Wilkins & Pace, 2014). At conceptual and practical levels, culture shapes parental beliefs about emotions themselves, how they are expressed, and the ideal ways they are regulated (Cole & Tan, 2015;Friedlmeier, Corapci, & Cole, 2011).…”

“…In addition, social class also influences the context of parental socialization. Parents who experience financial hardship may have different socialization beliefs, goals, and resources generally and related to emotions specifically (Wilkins & Pace, 2014). In addition, the stigmatization of these difficulties and resulting emotional distress influence the context of parental socialization (Wilkins & Pace, 2014).…”

“…Parents who experience financial hardship may have different socialization beliefs, goals, and resources generally and related to emotions specifically (Wilkins & Pace, 2014). In addition, the stigmatization of these difficulties and resulting emotional distress influence the context of parental socialization (Wilkins & Pace, 2014). As a result, in the future, it is critical to further understand how emotion socialization responses function and are related to adjustment in populations that are currently understudied, such as families of color, or those who are socioeconomically vulnerable.…”