Classic Mediterranean Type of Epiglottic Kaposi Sarcoma

Abstract

Kaposi sarcoma is a malignant, multifocal, vascular, and low-grade tumor that mostly occurs in mucocutaneous sites. Kaposi sarcoma is usually associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and involves lymphatic nodes and visceral organs. In this report, an 81-year-old man with epiglottic Kaposi sarcoma who screened negative for human immunodeficiency virus is presented.

Kaposi Sarcoma of the Larynx: A Systematic Review

“…A total of 50 articles and 77 patient cases met our inclusion criteria, including 13 articles from our reference list search. There were 15 case series, 1,11,17,18,22‐34 34 case reports, 8,12,14,15,19,35‐63 and 1 prospective case‐control study 1 published between 1965 and 2020, with an aggregate level of evidence 3b per the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine. Individual patient data and demographic information were documented in 45 articles (67 patients) of the 50 identified (77 patients; Table 1).…”

“…KS is described in 6 phenotypic stages: patch, plaque, nodular, lymphadenopathic, infiltrative, and florid, which may present in combination 15,44,81 . The National Institutes of Health AIDS Clinical Trial Group further describes KS in the setting of HIV infection within the context of tumor extension (local, lymph node positive, involving other viscera), immune status (CD4 count >200 or <200 cells/μL), and severity of systemic illness (eg, history of opportunistic infections or B symptoms) 82 .…”

“…KS is described in 6 phenotypic stages: patch, plaque, nodular, lymphadenopathic, infiltrative, and florid, which may present in combination. 15,44,81 The National Institutes of Health AIDS Clinical Trial Group further describes KS in the setting of HIV infection within the context of tumor extension (local, lymph node positive, involving other viscera), immune status (CD4 count .200 or \200 cells/mL), and severity of systemic illness (eg, history of opportunistic infections or B symptoms). 82 While our study identified 8 studies that indicated CT imaging in diagnostic workup, this may reflect underreporting within the articles reviewed, especially when we consider that a significant portion underwent tracheostomy (n = 23, 34.3%).…”

“…Gnepp 17 Case series True vocal folds Gridelli 42 Case report True vocal folds Trunk, upper and lower extremities Karatayli-Ozgursoy 25 Case series Subglottis Kato 43 Case report Epiglottis Face, trunk, extremities, oral cavity Kucuk 44 Case report Epiglottis Lawson 45 Case report Ventricular folds, right false vocal fold Levy 60 Case report Right true vocal fold Widespread cutaneous, rectal mucosa, soft palate, right true vocal fold Liao 46 Case report Epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds Mantilla 26 Case series Subglottis Large mass involving the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds Marino 11 Case series Right true vocal fold Trachea, lower extremities Thickening hyperdensity of the laryngeal vestibule and the right vocal fold Meyers 62 Case report True vocal folds Hands, postauricular regions, left tonsillar fossa, left lateral pharyngeal wall and pyriform sinus to the level of the arytenoids Miner 47 Case report Epiglottis, left pyriform sinus Soft palate, left faucial tonsil Large pharyngeal mucosal space involving the left faucial tonsil, entire (continued) 28 Case series Epiglottis, arytenoids Hypopharynx, palate, tonsils, thighs, axilla, lower extremities, inguinal and axillary nodes Ribeiro 50 Case report Arytenoids and glottis Trachea Roy 51 Case report Below the epiglottis, true vocal folds Lungs, face, neck, upper trunk, tongue, posterior pharynx, multiple lymph nodes Schiff 18 Case series Epiglottis Left hand Server 52 Case report Epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds Sumarroca 53 Case report Neck, scalp, abdomen, legs, scrotum, tongue, palate Taheri 54 Case report True and false vocal folds 20 3 18-mm polypoid mass seen on left side of glottic space with invasion to the anterior commissure; involvement of the true and false vocal cords Tahir 55 Case report Transglottis Tami 56 Case report Epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds ''Diffuse lesions''…”