Classical biological control of the cereal leaf beetle,<i>Oulema melanopus</i>(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Washington State and rôle of field insectaries, a review

Roberts, Diana

doi:10.1080/09583157.2016.1165794

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The species evidently spread widely from those points. Interestingly, flavipes is widespread in Europe and established in eastern USA but failed to establish in inland northwestern USA, where the humidity is low (Roberts 2016). Relative humidity may thus be an important climatic factor in determining geographical distribution of some Anaphes species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Anaphes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with key to species in Europe and a world catalogue

Huber

Thuróczy²

2018

Zootaxa

489

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The Walter Soyka species of Anaphes Haliday are reviewed and placed in context among the remaining world species. An analysis of his descriptions and identification keys is presented, and discussed in light of a broader interpretation of intraspecific variation in Anaphes species than Soyka accepted. An illustrated diagnosis of Anaphes is given and the species in Europe considered to be valid are keyed—14 species in Anaphes (Anaphes) and 15 species in Anaphes (Patasson). The 244 names of world Anaphes are tabulated in various ways and their type localities, if known, are mapped. All available valid names and their synonyms, mostly from among the 155 nominal species described by Soyka, are catalogued, with details of type material and collecting information. A total of 167 synonyms are listed, 17 of which are synonyms proposed by earlier authors and 149 of which are proposed as new synonyms. Lectotypes are designated for Mymar ferreirei Soyka and Yungaburra acutiventris Soyka. Nine nomina dubia, 2 names of fossil species that most likely do not belong to Anaphes, 3 unavailable names and 20 species transferred to other genera are listed separately; among the latter, Anagrus foersteri (Ratzeburg) is transferred to Erythmelus Enock as E. foersteri (Ratzeburg), comb. n. Host records published from 1985–2015 are tabulated; most are from the literature but a few are from unpublished records found on slide mounted Anaphes specimens in various collections, mostly in Europe. The merits of classifying the available names of nominal species into an earlier classification with subgenera Anaphes (Anaphes) and Anaphes (Patasson) instead a later classification consisting of species groups within Anaphes (Anaphes) and Anaphes (Yungaburra) are discussed; the earlier classification is preferred.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Anaphes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with key to species in Europe and a world catalogue

Huber

Thuróczy²

2018

Zootaxa

489

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“…The typical scale of the suspected spillover process and the type of habitat from which immigration is likely to occur, might give clues, as to which natural enemy groups might be responsible for the observed suppression of CLB herbivory. Hymenopteran parasitoids play a very important role in the biological control of CLBs (Philips et al 2011;Kher et al 2014;Roberts 2016) and their spillover can be expected to occur at smaller scales. Especially Necremnus leucarthros could be an important natural enemy of the CLB (Jeloková and Gallo 2008) and is one of the most common parasitoid species in Hungary (Szabolcs and Horváth 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They skeletonise the leaves by eating the upper epidermis and parenchyma, sparing only the lower epidermis (Gallun et al 1967), leading to yield losses of up to 40% (Buntin et al 2004) and a decrease in grain quality (Philips et al 2011). The biological control of CLBs is well studied, pointing out the important role of both hymenopteran parasitoids (Kher et al 2011;Philips et al 2011;Roberts 2016;Kheirodin et al 2020a), as well as insect and spider predators (Jenser 2003;Kheirodin et al 2019Kheirodin et al , 2020a. Exclusion trials have already been applied to CLBs, demonstrating that natural enemies increase CLB egg mortality (Meindl et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear woody landscape elements may help to mitigate leaf surface loss caused by the cereal leaf beetle

et al. 2020

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Context Woody semi-natural habitats serve as permanent habitats and hibernation sites for natural enemies and, through spillover processes, they play an important role in the biological control of insect pests. However, this service is also dependent on the amount and configuration of the dominating woody habitat types: linear landscape elements (hedgerows, shelterbelts), and more evenly extended plantations. Relating natural enemy action to the landscape context can help to identify the effect of woody habitats on biological control effectiveness. Objectives In the Central European agricultural landscapes such as in the Hungarian lowlands, where our study took place, woody linear elements are characterised by high, while woody areal elements, mostly plantations, by low biological and structural diversity. In this study, we aimed to determine which composition and configuration of woody linear and areal habitats in the landscape may enhance the effect of natural enemy action on plant damage caused by the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus). Methods Herbivory suppression by natural enemies was assessed from the leaf damage difference between caged and open treatments. These exclusion experiments were carried out in 34 wheat fields on plants with controlled CLB infections. The results were related to landscape structure, quantified by different landscape metrics of both woody linear and areal habitats inside buffers between 150 and 500 m radii, surrounding the wheat fields. Results The exclusion of natural enemies increased the leaf surface loss caused by CLBs in all fields. Shelterbelts and hedgerows in 150–200 m vicinity of the wheat fields had a strong suppressing effect on CLB damage, while the presence of plantations at 250 m and further rather impeded natural enemy action. Conclusions Our results indicate that shelterbelts and hedgerows may provide a strong spillover of natural enemies, thus contribute to an enhanced biological control of CLBs.

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“…From populations established in Michigan, T. julis was released in Ontario, Canada, in 1974 (Harcourt et al, 1977). In western North America, where the present study took place, T. julis is the sole parasitoid species successfully established upon redistribution from eastern North America, and is the dominant natural enemy of the cereal leaf beetle (Evans et al, 2006; Roberts, 2016). Individuals of the first and second larval generations each year of this partially bivoltine, gregarious endoparasitoid (a koinobiont) mature, respectively, within early and late hatching larvae of the host pest during the growing season (Gage & Haynes, 1975; Evans et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial bivoltinism in a gregarious endoparasitoid: larval diapause as influenced by season and sharing a host

Evans

2020

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The yearly timing of the life cycle of a parasitoid is a key element of its life-history strategy. I examine here factors influencing the expression of partial bivoltinism in Tetrastichus julis Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a specialist parasitoid introduced to North America to attack its univoltine host, the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The varying tendency was assessed of individuals of this gregarious larval parasitoid to either emerge as adults in the same summer they mature, or to enter diapause to emerge the following year. Parasitized hosts were obtained by rearing cereal leaf beetles collected as mature larvae from grain fields in northern Utah (western USA) throughout the growing seasons in 2013 and 2014. Cocoons spun by these beetles were held to determine patterns over the spring and summer in the tendency of the parasitoid to forgo larval diapause. A high percentage (nearly 90% in 2013) of parasitoid individuals were found to forgo diapause and emerge in the same summer from earliest maturing hosts. This percentage rapidly declined to 20% or less of individuals forgoing diapause and emerging from cocoons as the summer advanced. The percentage of parasitoid individuals forgoing diapause increased significantly at a given time of season (early or late) as the number of conspecifics with which an individual shared a host larva increased. These results may reflect a trade-off for individual parasitoids in which greater success in findingand ovipositing inhost larvae the following spring vs. in summer, is countered by reduced survivorship in diapausing over the winter vs. emerging in the same summer in which the parasitoid matures. Expression of partial bivoltinism of T. julis, as affected strongly by both season and within-host density, results in high rates of parasitism of cereal leaf beetles both early and late in the season.

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Classical biological control of the cereal leaf beetle,Oulema melanopus(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Washington State and rôle of field insectaries, a review

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Review of Anaphes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with key to species in Europe and a world catalogue

Review of Anaphes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with key to species in Europe and a world catalogue

Linear woody landscape elements may help to mitigate leaf surface loss caused by the cereal leaf beetle

Partial bivoltinism in a gregarious endoparasitoid: larval diapause as influenced by season and sharing a host

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