Classical Hydraulic Jump

Hager, Willi H.

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8048-9_2

Cited by 31 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In the first series of experiments, when the flow was established, the inflow depth of flow (y 1 ), the sequent depth of flow (y 2 ) and the fluctuating of free surface elevations above the hydraulic jump were measured using ultrasonic sensors Data Logic US30 with operation range of 10-100 cm and an accuracy of ±0.1 mm that were mounted above the channel. Following Hager [10], the length of the hydraulic jump (L j ) was measured between the toe of the hydraulic jump and the location where the gradually varied flow starts. The length of the hydraulic jump was measured by a fabric ruler with a reading accuracy of ±1 mm installed along the channel.…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, Figure 11 showed that the roughness with height 0.028 m was more effective than the other height of dissipative elements to reduce the relative length of the hydraulic jump (L j /y 1 ). In these Figure, the relative lengths of a classical hydraulic jump based on the following equations proposed by USBR [37] and Hager [10], respectively, were also compared. In addition, the values of the relative length of the hydraulic jump (L j /y 1 ) obtained in the present study with those obtained by Hager [10] and USBR [37] are compared in Figures 12 and 13.…”

Section: Relative Length Of the Hydraulic Jumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gill [4] also found that the sequent depth ratio was over estimated if the channel boundary flow resistance was neglected. The classical hydraulic jump was studied extensively by Peterka [5], Rajaratnam [6], Leutheusser and Kartha [7], McCorquodale and Khalifa [8], Hager and Bremen [9], Hager [10], Wu and Rajaratnam [11] and CarolloFerro [3]. Bubbly two-phase flow in a hydraulic jump using a flow visualization technigue were studied by Mossa and Tolve [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Study of Hydraulic Jump in a Gradually Expanding Rectangular Stilling Basin with Roughened Bed

Hassanpour

Dalir

Farsadizadeh

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out to investigate the effect of geometric and hydraulic parameters on energy dissipation and location of the hydraulic jump, with a change in the height of roughness elements and the divergence of walls in different discharges. Experiments were conducted in a horizontal rectangular basin with gradual expansion 0.5 m wide and 10 m long. Four physical models were fixed in the flume. The measured characteristics of the hydraulic jump with different divergences ratio (B = b 1 /b 2 = 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) and the inflow Froude numbers (6 < Fr 1 < 12) were compared with each other and with the corresponding values measured for the classical hydraulic jump. The results showed that the tailwater depth required to form a hydraulic jump and also the roller length of the hydraulic jump and the length of the hydraulic jump on a gradual expansion basin with the rough bed were appreciably smaller than that of the corresponding hydraulic jumps in a rectangular basin with smooth and rough bed. With the experimental data, empirical formulae were developed to express the hydraulic jump characteristics relating to roughness elements height and divergence ratio of wall. Also, the applicability of some empirical relationships for estimating the roller length was tested.

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Section: Experimental Set-up and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative Length Of the Hydraulic Jumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Study of Hydraulic Jump in a Gradually Expanding Rectangular Stilling Basin with Roughened Bed

Hassanpour

Dalir

Farsadizadeh

et al. 2017

Water

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“…l mixture of bubbles in the slug flow adjusted from observations (m); Φ inner diameter of pipe; F r2 2 square Froude number Equation (1) adapted from [22].…”

Section: Of 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sulfide Control by Air-Injection in Sewer Force Mains: Field and Laboratory Study

et al. 2017

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Chemical and biological processes consume dissolved oxygen (DO) in urban wastewater during transportation along sewer systems. Anaerobic conditions (DO < 0.2 mg/L) are easily reached, leading to sulfide (S 2− ) generation. Release of free sulfide, hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S), from the liquid to the gaseous phase, causes odor, corrosion of pipes and supposes a risk for health of people working in sewers. These issues get worse in force mains, due to inability to take oxygen from the gaseous phase of pipe. Air injection is a suggested practice to control H 2 S emission in force mains. That technique aims to keep aerobic conditions in wastewater in order to avoid sulfide generation and favor a decrease of Biochemical Organic Demand (BOD). However, several force mains with air injection are not achieving their goals due to a limited oxygen transfer. Field measurements of dissolved oxygen in urban wastewater are presented in an existing force main with air injection during the summer of 2014 in the southeast of Spain. A laboratory scale model is constructed to quantify two-phase flow conditions in pipe due to air injection for different incoming flows rates of water and air. Particularly, for the case of plug flow, also known as elongated bubble flow. Velocity field measurement of water phase in laboratory allows estimating turbulent diffusivity of oxygen in the water, E m , and inter-phase mass transfer coefficient K L (T). In the laboratory, flow and air depth, bubble length, water velocity field, pressure inside force main and water and airflow rates are determined experimentally. These variables are used to assess DO in water phase of force main by comparison with those obtained from field measurements. This work allows assessing air injection efficiency in wastewater, and, therefore, to predict DO in wastewater in force mains.

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“…9) hydraulic jump flow characteristics are under the control of Fr 1 . 15 For example, Avery and Novak 16 correlated the aeration efficiency with a 2 . 1 power of Fr 1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%