Classical Logical Versus Quantum Conceptual Thought: Examples in Economics, Decision Theory and Concept Theory

Aerts, Diederik; D’Hooghe, Bart

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00834-4_12

Cited by 33 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For concepts and categories in the expanse of natural language have already been shown to be adequately modeled by quantum-like models. The extended contexts in a personal mind were previously denoted ‘conceptual landscapes’ by Aerts and D’Hooghe (2009), and play a role in the categorization of linguistic concepts. The effect of the context is to collapse the state of the sign into a meaningful concept—an ‘eigen’ state with respect to the given context 1.…”

Section: The Nature Of Aesthetic Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tacit ‘Quantum’ of Meeting the Aesthetic Sign; Contextualize, Entangle, Superpose, Collapse or Decohere

Broekaert

2017

Found Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The semantically ambiguous nature of the sign and aspects of non-classicality of elementary matter as described by quantum theory show remarkable coherent analogy. We focus on how the ambiguous nature of the image, text and art work bears functional resemblance to the dynamics of contextuality, entanglement, superposition, collapse and decoherence as these phenomena are known in quantum theory. These quantumlike properties in linguistic signs have previously been identified in formal descritions of e.g. concept combinations and mental lexicon representations and have been reported on in the literature. In this approach the informationalized, communicated, mediatized conceptual configuration—of e.g. the art work—in the personal reflected mind behaves like a quantum state function in a higher dimensional complex space, in which it is time and again contextually collapsed and further cognitively entangled (Aerts et al. in Found Sci 4:115–132, 1999; in Lect Notes Comput Sci 7620:36–47, 2012). The observer–consumer of signs becomes the empowered ‘produmer’ (Floridi in The philosophy of information, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011) creating the cognitive outcome of the interaction, while loosing most of any ‘classical givenness’ of the sign (Bal and Bryson in Art Bull 73:174–208, 1991). These quantum-like descriptions are now developed here in four example aesthetic signs; the installation Mist room by Ann Veronica Janssens (2010), the installation Sections of a happy moment by David Claerbout (2010), the photograph The Falling Man by Richard Drew (New York Times, p. 7, September 12, 2001) and the documentary Huicholes. The Last Peyote Guardians by Vilchez and Stefani (2014). Our present work develops further the use of a previously developed quantum model for concept representation in natural language. In our present approach of the aesthetic sign, we extend to individual—idiosyncratic—observer contexts instead of socially shared group contexts, and as such also include multiple idiosyncratic creation of meaning and experience. This irreducible superposition emerges as the core feature of the aesthetic sign and is most critically embedded in the ‘no-interpretation’ interpretation of the documentary signal.

show abstract

Section: The Nature Of Aesthetic Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tacit ‘Quantum’ of Meeting the Aesthetic Sign; Contextualize, Entangle, Superpose, Collapse or Decohere

Broekaert

2017

Found Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, the feature of 'typicality' behaves weirdly with respect to the conjunction, in the sense that the conjunction 'pet-fish' rates higher in typicality than the single components 'pet' and 'fish', for specific entities such as a 'guppy' or a 'gold-fish'. In our Brussels group, we have worked out quantum models for the guppy effect in great detail, and we believe that it is an archetype for what happens when the conjunction fallacy manifests in experimental situations, leading to a much better understanding of the phenomenon than in traditional explanations, where it is merely classified as a probability judgment error [26,27,28,29]. This also because, a much less known probabilistic variant of the original pet-fish problem, using 'membership weights' instead of 'typicalities', has also been abundantly tested, giving rise to analogous behaviors for the conjunction [30,31,32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of the above-mentioned study disagree with this view and claim that their experiments show that double conjunction fallacies are no exception and appear abundantly whenever some specific cognitive situations arise. What is interesting is that in the quantum model of the pet-fish situation that we developed in our group [17,26,27,28,29], the single and double conjunction fallacies can be modeled in a very natural way, and result both from a same fundamental mechanism, which we plan to use also as an explanation for, and to further the analysis of, the situations put forward in [34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Theory Methods as a Possible Alternative for the Double-Blind Gold Standard of Evidence-Based Medicine: Outlining a New Research Program

Aerts¹,

Beltran²,

Geriente³

et al. 2018

Found Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We motivate the possibility of using notions and methods derived from quantum physics, and more specifically from the research field known as 'quantum cognition', to optimally model different situations in the field of medicine, its decision-making processes and ensuing practices, particularly in relation to chronic and rare diseases. This also as a way to devise alternative approaches to the generally adopted double-blind gold standard.Human decision and its ensuing practices play an important role in many domains of human endeavor. When decisions are taken such that their consequences are determinative for the health and care of sick people, an element of even greater importance is added. However, if compared to decision making in economics, psychology, cognitive science, or finance, medical decision making has not yet concentrated very much on structured decision model building [1, 2, 3, 4] 1 . Several reasons for this can be identified. First of all, decisions in medicine touch upon some of the most delicate and valued aspects of us as human beings, possibly also related to matters of life and death, and for this a structured theoretical modeling of their processes might seem almost impossible [5,6,7,8,9]. Secondly, very complicated ethical questions are connected with even simple decisions and their subsequent practices in medicine, which also seems to indicate that only highly contextual and ad hoc reasoning is at place [10,11,12]. Thirdly, and more generally, the concrete 1 Although we mention that the 'Society for Medical Decision Making' (http://smdm.org), with its peer reviewed journal, is an important forum for many of the delicate aspects related to medical decision making.

show abstract

“…In [34], the proposed encoding was based on the use of the stereographic projection [6]. In particular, it allows to unequivocally map any point r = (r 1 , r 2 , r 3 ) on the surface of a radius-one sphere S 2 (except for the north pole) into an arbitrary point x = [x (1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Minimum Distance Classifier

Santucci¹

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:We propose a quantum version of the well known minimum distance classification model 1 called Nearest Mean Classifier (NMC). In this regard, we presented our first results in two previous 2 works. In [34] a quantum counterpart of the NMC for two-dimensional problems was introduced, 3 named Quantum Nearest Mean Classifier (QNMC), together with a possible generalization to arbitrary 4 dimensions. In [33] we studied the n-dimensional problem into detail and we showed a new 5 encoding for arbitrary n-feature vectors into density operators. In the present paper, another 6 promising encoding of n-dimensional patterns into density operators is considered, suggested by 7 recent debates on quantum machine learning. Further, we observe a significant property concerning 8 the non-invariance by feature rescaling of our quantum classifier. This fact, which represents a 9 meaningful difference between the NMC and the respective quantum version, allows to introduce a 10 free parameter whose variation provides, in some cases, better classification results for the QNMC. 11The experimental section is devoted to: i) compare the NMC and QNMC performance on different 12 datasets; ii) study the effects of the non-invariance under uniform rescaling for the QNMC.

show abstract

Classical Logical Versus Quantum Conceptual Thought: Examples in Economics, Decision Theory and Concept Theory

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

The Tacit ‘Quantum’ of Meeting the Aesthetic Sign; Contextualize, Entangle, Superpose, Collapse or Decohere

The Tacit ‘Quantum’ of Meeting the Aesthetic Sign; Contextualize, Entangle, Superpose, Collapse or Decohere

Quantum Theory Methods as a Possible Alternative for the Double-Blind Gold Standard of Evidence-Based Medicine: Outlining a New Research Program

Quantum Minimum Distance Classifier

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About