Classical music in cardiac prevention and rehabilitation

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the current service evaluation was to assess whether classical music positively impacts upon exercise intensity in patients undergoing a cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programme. Design: A crossover study design was used, in which patients were exposed to both classical music and no music over 2 consecutive weeks, determined through a random order. Setting: This took place in cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation exercise sessions at two Imperial College NHS Healthcare sites. Patients: The sample consisted of 30 cardiac rehabilitation patients undergoing secondary prevention. Main outcome measures: Comparison of heart rate (average and peak) and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) recorded in each patient under both music and non-music conditions. Results: Average heart rate, Borg RPE, and energy expenditure showed minimal differences between exercise modes. However, peak heart rate increased on average by 7 beats per minute when comparing exercising under classical to no music. Conclusions: The study found that classical music significantly increased an individual's peak heart rate during a cardiac exercise session, thereby increasing physical activity intensity.

Effectiveness of a motivated, action-based intervention on improving physical activity level, exercise self-efficacy and cardiovascular risk factors of patients with coronary heart disease in Sri Lanka: A randomized controlled trial protocol

“…Apart from the group education, a hospital plus home-based heart-healthy exercise will be implemented by the researcher with the support of a physiotherapist, registered nurse, and medical officer at the study hospital’s cardiology clinic. On day one in the first week of the intervention, participants will be guided to perform the exercise (warm-up exercise, brisk walking, and cool-down exercise) with cultural background music (Raravenu Gopabala Instrumental flute version) to perform the exercise at the prescribed intensity and duration and reduce the rating of perceived exertion during exercise [ 37 , 38 ] under the supervision of a physiotherapist. As suggested by the cardiologist, the exercise will start at low intensity with cultural background music with a slow tempo (40–60 beats per minute).…”

The Effect of Music Listening During Pulmonary or Cardiac Rehabilitation on Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…A total of 9 studies met the inclusion criteria, 6 being randomized controlled trials 9,17,[19][20][21]24 and 3 randomized cross-over trials. [25][26][27]…”

“…19,21 Four studies did not report their randomization method and had an unclear risk of selection bias. 9,17,25,26 There was an unclear risk of bias with participants and therapists in 5 studies 9,17,[19][20][21] and high risk in 4 studies. [24][25][26][27] Three studies 19,24,25 adequately blinded outcome assessors whereas 6 studies were unclear.…”

“…9,17,25,26 There was an unclear risk of bias with participants and therapists in 5 studies 9,17,[19][20][21] and high risk in 4 studies. [24][25][26][27] Three studies 19,24,25 adequately blinded outcome assessors whereas 6 studies were unclear. 9,17,20,21,26,27 Six studies 9,[19][20][21]24,27 had complete outcome data whereas 3 studies 17,25,26 were unclear on attrition.…”

“…[24][25][26][27] Three studies 19,24,25 adequately blinded outcome assessors whereas 6 studies were unclear. 9,17,20,21,26,27 Six studies 9,[19][20][21]24,27 had complete outcome data whereas 3 studies 17,25,26 were unclear on attrition. All studies included a complete reporting of results.…”