Classical poetic motifs as alchemical metaphors in the Shudhūr al-dhahab and its commentaries

Abstract

Traditionally prized as much for its poetic artistry as its didactic content, Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs’s (fl. twelfth century) dīwān of alchemical verse, the Shudhūr al-dhahab (Shards of Gold), is one of the most important and influential works in the literary canon of Arabic alchemy. Drawing on commentaries by both Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs himself and Aydamir al-Jildakī (d. 743/1342 [?]), the present article explores a core feature of Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs’s allegorical style – one that appears to have captured the attention of his medieval readership – namely his novel use of stock poetic motifs as metaphors for alchemical processes and substances. As well as focusing on the commentators’ theoretical interpretations, the article situates Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs’s deliberate appropriation of pre-Islamic and Nuwāsian motifs in its broader literary context, noting the extent to which it foreshadows similar techniques in the poetic allegories of the thirteenth-century Sufi poets, Ibn ʿArabī and Ibn al-Fāriḍ.

Research Foci in the History of Science in Past Islamicate Societies

“…Lelic studied the administrative and political relevance of physiognomy as a scientific practice for selecting suitable candidates for court and religious offices in the Ottoman Empire . A trend in studies of alchemy, brought about both by contextual as well as content investigations, consists in seeing alchemy more clearly as allied with other knowledge fields, in particular magic, religious doctrines and poetry (Todd 2021). This corpus of studies also entails moving beyond the "Golden Age" and to seemingly peripheral regions such as the Maghrib, which are the main themes of Section 3 (Forster 2016(Forster , 2022.…”