Classical swine fever vaccines—State-of-the-art

Blome, Sandra; Moß, Claudia; Reimann, Ilona; König, Patricia; Beer, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.001

Cited by 84 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Among the concepts that have been investigated are different vector vaccines based on vaccinia virus, pseudorabies virus or adenoviruses. Other vaccine designs include recombinant attenuated vaccines with chimeric constructs, subunit vaccines based on different expression systems, and RNA/DNA vaccines (recently reviewed by Blome et al, [239]. In 2014, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) licensed one of the chimeric marker vaccine candidates, “CP7_E2alf”, after extensive testing in the framework of an EU-funded research project [159,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257].…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Blome

Staubach

Henke

et al. 2017

Viruses

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211

217

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Classical swine fever (CSF) remains one of the most important transboundary viral diseases of swine worldwide. The causative agent is CSF virus, a small, enveloped RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus. Based on partial sequences, three genotypes can be distinguished that do not, however, directly correlate with virulence. Depending on both virus and host factors, a wide range of clinical syndromes can be observed and thus, laboratory confirmation is mandatory. To this means, both direct and indirect methods are utilized with an increasing degree of commercialization. Both infections in domestic pigs and wild boar are of great relevance; and wild boars are a reservoir host transmitting the virus sporadically also to pig farms. Control strategies for epidemic outbreaks in free countries are mainly based on classical intervention measures; i.e., quarantine and strict culling of affected herds. In these countries, vaccination is only an emergency option. However, live vaccines are used for controlling the disease in endemically infected regions in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Americas, and some African countries. Here, we will provide a concise, updated review on virus properties, clinical signs and pathology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immune responses, diagnosis and vaccination possibilities.

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Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Blome

Staubach

Henke

et al. 2017

Viruses

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211

217

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“…Several modified live vaccines, including the lapinized Chinese strain (C‐strain), the lapinized Philippines Coronel (LPC) strain, the Japanese guinea pig exaltation‐negative (GPE − ) strain and the French Thiverval strain, have been developed and are widely used in different countries (Beer, Reimann, Hoffmann, & Depner, ; Blome, Moss, Reimann, Konig, & Beer, ; Qiu, Shen, & Tong, ). The C‐strain vaccine was developed in China in the 1950s and is by far the most frequently used CSF vaccine strain (Luo, Li, Sun, & Qiu, ; Qiu et al., ; Xia et al., ).…”

Section: Main Means Of Prevention Detection and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two E2 subunit vaccines were authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) and used in some affected countries (e.g., Romania). In the EU, currently only one subunit marker vaccine, containing the E2 glycoprotein of CSFV strain Alfort‐T (Porcilis R Pesti), is available on the market (Blome et al., ).…”

Section: Main Means Of Prevention Detection and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine fever: Recent developments and future challenges

Postel¹,

Austermann-Busch²,

Petrov³

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

110

116

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Classical swine fever (CSF) represents a major health and trade problem for the pig industry. In endemic countries or those with a wild boar reservoir, CSF remains a priority for Veterinary Services. Surveillance as well as stamping out and/or vaccination are the principle tools of prevention and control, depending on the context. In the past decades, marker vaccines and accompanying diagnostic tests allowing the discrimination of infected from vaccinated animals have been developed. In the European Union, an E2 subunit and a chimeric live vaccine have been licensed and are available for the use in future disease outbreak scenarios. The implementation of commonly accepted and globally harmonized concepts could pave the way to replace the ethically questionable stamping out policy by a vaccination-to-live strategy and thereby avoid culling of a large number of healthy animals and save food resources. Although a number of vaccines and diagnostic tests are available worldwide, technological advancement in both domains is desirable. This work provides a summary of an analysis undertaken by the DISCONTOOLS group of experts on CSF. Details of the analysis can be downloaded from the web site at http://www.discontools.eu/.

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“…Infection severity can vary widely depending on the virulence of the strain. Clinical signs include: (i) fever, (ii) loss of appetite, (iii) weakness, (iv) conjunctivitis and (v) constipation preceding diarrhoea (World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), ), often accompanied by death within 10–20 days of infection (Blome et al ., ; Zaabel et al ., ). As such, CSFV has been designated a Containment Group 4 organism by the OIE and as a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Select Agent under the U.S. Federal Select Agent Program (OIE, ; Zaabel et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Indeed, CSFV subunit vaccines generated with purified recombinant E2 (expressed in a baculoviral/insect cell system without a transmembrane domain (European Medicine Agency, ) are well established and have been licensed for commercial use. However, several product profile limitations have been recognized for the baculovirus‐derived CSFV vaccine including: (i) a slow protective response, (ii) limited protection against vertical transmission and (iii) viral shedding from vaccinates (Blome et al ., ; Zaabel et al ., ). Towards development of an improved CSFV subunit vaccine, Madera et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Plant‐made E2 glycoprotein single‐dose vaccine protects pigs against classical swine fever

Laughlin

Madera

Peres³

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) causes classical swine fever, a highly contagious hemorrhagic fever affecting both feral and domesticated pigs. Outbreaks of CSF in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America had significant adverse impacts on animal health, food security and the pig industry. The disease is generally contained by prevention of exposure through import restrictions (e.g. banning import of live pigs and pork products), localized vaccination programmes and culling of infected or at-risk animals, often at very high cost. Current CSFV-modified live virus vaccines are protective, but do not allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), a critical aspect of disease surveillance programmes. Alternatively, first-generation subunit vaccines using the viral protein E2 allow for use of DIVA diagnostic tests, but are slow to induce a protective response, provide limited prevention of vertical transmission and may fail to block viral shedding. CSFV E2 subunit vaccines from a baculovirus/insect cell system have been developed for several vaccination campaigns in Europe and Asia. However, this expression system is considered expensive for a veterinary vaccine and is not ideal for wide-spread deployment. To address the issues of scalability, cost of production and immunogenicity, we have employed an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression platform in Nicotiana benthamiana and formulated the purified antigen in novel oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants. We report the manufacturing of adjuvanted, plant-made CSFV E2 subunit vaccine. The vaccine provided complete protection in challenged pigs, even after single-dose vaccination, which was accompanied by strong virus neutralization antibody responses.

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Classical swine fever vaccines—State-of-the-art

Cited by 84 publications

References 147 publications

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine fever: Recent developments and future challenges

Plant‐made E2 glycoprotein single‐dose vaccine protects pigs against classical swine fever

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