Classification and Assessment of Aridity Over Pakistan Provinces (1960-2009)

Haider, Sajjad; Adnan, Shahzada

doi:10.3126/ije.v3i4.11728

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Five different aridity indices have been used by taking the data of 54 climate stations to classify the climate of Pakistan during 1960–2009. This mapping identified that semi‐arid to extreme arid areas covers 75–88%, while the humid zone constitutes ∼0.1–13% (Haider and Adnan, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting of agro‐climatic zones, their drought vulnerability, and precipitation and temperature trends in Pakistan

Adnan

Ullah

Gao

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Agro‐climatic classification helps to determine the different features of a region. This climatic classification provides a useful insight for a farmer to grow their crops according to the conditions of their region. This study identifies the shifting of moisture index from average values in different agro‐climatic zones of Pakistan. Unpredictable climate remains dominant over long periods. Observational data of precipitation and evapotranspiration were used to determine the agro‐climatic zone during the period 1951–2010. This study reveals that almost 87% of Pakistan is in extremely arid to semi‐arid zones, a 5% decrease in over the last 30 years (1981–2010). The largest decrease of 8% and increase of 5% were observed in the extremely arid and humid zones, respectively. The semi‐arid zone is more vulnerable to drought, while intensity and severity are greater in the extremely arid region. An agro‐climatic regional analysis identifies 1952, 1969, 2000, 2001 and 2002 as years when the most severe droughts were observed during the study period. The trends of precipitation and temperature were performed at 95% significance level on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis over the entire agro‐climatic zone of Pakistan during 1951–2014. The annual precipitation trends show a significant increase of 0.828 mm year−1 in arid regions, whereas the maximum temperature trends shows a significant increase of 0.014 °C year−1 and 0.018 °C year−1 in extremely arid and humid regions, respectively. The trend of minimum temperature shows an increase over the whole region, which may place pressure on the water demands of crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting of agro‐climatic zones, their drought vulnerability, and precipitation and temperature trends in Pakistan

Adnan

Ullah

Gao

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…There are two major precipitation seasons in Pakistan: monsoon precipitation during July to September (see, for instance, Wang, ) and winter precipitation during December to March due to western disturbances (see, for instance, Dimri et al, ). Annual precipitation for Pakistan varies from 30 to 400 mm from south to north (Haider and Adnan, ). Pakistan receives 60–65% (25–30%) of annual precipitation during monsoon (winter) season (see, for instance, Asmat and Athar, ).…”

Section: Study Area and Its Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Pakistan, there is no such SD analysis for wet and dry spells. Earlier climate classifications in Pakistan are based on: characteristic variations in temperature and precipitation (Ahmad, ; Shamshad, ), using ratio of precipitation and evaporation (Bharucha and Shanbhag, ), factor and cluster analysis (Oliver et al, ; Hussain and Lee, ), AI (Zahid and Rasul, ; Haider and Adnan, ), Köppen classification (Sarfaraz et al, ) and principal component analysis (Sarfaraz, ). Oliver et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of precipitation regimes in Pakistan using wet and dry spells

Nabeel

Athar

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Wet (dry) spells can cause extreme climatic conditions, such as floods (droughts) which can adversely influence the natural resources. A spatio‐temporal analysis of observed wet and dry spells is carried out for vulnerable and data sparse region of Pakistan (24°–38°N and 61°–78°E). Observed monthly precipitation data sets from 46 weather station are used for a length of consecutive 32 years (1976−2007). Additionally, after bias adjustment, the Asian Precipitation Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) precipitation data set, abbreviated as APH, is utilized to corroborate the findings. For both data sets, a threshold of 1 mm is used to define a wet spell. Decadal variability of precipitation for observed and APH data sets indicates that there is gradual decrease in wet spell length for arid and humid regimes, as compared to semi‐arid regimes where there is no change in wet spell length. Monthly dry and wet slope difference (SD), on a log–log plot between number of spells and spell length, is used to classify precipitation regimes in Pakistan, for the first time. A weather station is categorized as humid if SD is less than −2.38 in units of number of spells per length of spells. If SD lies between −2.37 and −0.51, then the weather station is classified as semi‐arid and if SD is greater than −0.51, then it is classified as arid. Thus, according to SD classification, 66% of area in Pakistan is arid, whereas 30% (4%) is semi‐arid (humid). Comparison of precipitation regimes based upon observed and APH data sets with other climate classification schemes that involve both precipitation and temperature is presented.

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“…They also noted that in the study, it was difficult to establish causality of illness or disease with exposure to PCBs. In the next paper, Haider and Adnan (2014) that through rapid growth of population, massive deforestation and anthropogenic activities, noticeable change in climate conditions is being observed in Pakistan. They use a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the assessment of aridity in Pakistan from climatic data of fifty years ) collected from fifty-four stations.…”

Section: Chakir Et Al (2014) Reported Morphosedimentary Study Of Allmentioning

confidence: 99%