Classification and Modelling of Nonextractable Residue (NER) Formation of Xenobiotics in Soil – A Synthesis

Kästner, Matthias; Nowak, Karolina M.; Miltner, Anja; Trapp, Stefan; Schäffer, Andreas

doi:10.1080/10643389.2013.828270

Cited by 216 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Most of the bound xenobiotics were mineralized at about the same rate as the organic C from humic compounds. Beside the formation of residues from the parent compounds or primary metabolites, however, this may also be derived from the fact that xenobiotic carbon may simply be metabolized by microorganisms to microbial biomass, finally contributing to SOM by formation of socalled type III NER (i.e., biogenic NER), whereas NER containing xenobiotic residues may be either physically entrapped in the inorganic and organic voids of the soil (type I NER) or covalently bound to humic substances (type II NER), respectively (Kästner et al 2014). If humus degradation was enhanced, the CO 2 evolution from soil-bound pesticides increased as well (Haider and Martin 1988).…”

Section: Studies On Interactions Between Humic Matter and Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From humic substances to soil organic matter–microbial contributions. In honour of Konrad Haider and James P. Martin for their outstanding research contribution to soil science

et al. 2015

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Purpose Many decades of research have shown that humic compounds as part of the soil organic matter (SOM) are essential for the stability and ecosystem services of soils. James P. Martin and Konrad Haider based on several pioneers in humus research improved the basis for the current knowledge of key processes in the soil environment, in particular structure and formation of humus triggered mainly by soil fungi. Other major contributions are briefly described but not in the focus of this article, such as their innovative tracer experiments with isotopelabelled xenobiotic chemicals and natural litter to study their fate. Both scientists inspired generations of younger researchers to advance their approaches and laid the cornerstone of the current understanding of soil organic matter formation. Results and discussion This article values the key experiments of Martin and Haider in this field and the related follow-up research finally resulting in the current view on formation mechanisms of SOM and non-extractable residues (NER) of xenobiotics. The improved understanding of these processes considering necromass with tissue residues of plants, microbes and animals challenges the traditional views of humic matter as macromolecular organic matrix, which according to the research of the last years represents only a variable part of the total organic matter besides associates of low molecular weight molecules. We discuss views on soil organic matter and humic substances that are nowadays considered not to differ in molecular diversity. We will start by demonstrating the understanding of humus characteristics and humus formation three decades ago closely related to the findings of Martin and Haider. Methodological approaches to characterize relevant structural and mechanistic pictures of SOM such as the priming effect, clay mineral catalysed reactions and the various mechanisms by which natural and xenobiotic chemicals are protected in soil are briefly illustrated by examples. Fungal activities in producing secondary metabolites like polyketides and their probably minor contributions to SOM formation are presented. Conclusions and perspectives Open research questions stimulated by these two soil scientists are sketched which are nowadays possible to address by new sophisticated highresolution techniques.

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Section: Studies On Interactions Between Humic Matter and Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From humic substances to soil organic matter–microbial contributions. In honour of Konrad Haider and James P. Martin for their outstanding research contribution to soil science

et al. 2015

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“…The non-growing microorganisms rely on another substrate for their growth and maintenance; they are referred to as co-metabolic biomass (Janke and Fritsche, 1985;Pomi es et al, 2013). Recent works have highlighted the importance of microbial activity in increasing the amount of NER of PAHs in soil, suggesting the need of distinguishing between NER by physical processes (aging), and the biogenic NER resulting from microorganisms transformation of pollutants and further incorporation in soil organic matters (SOM) (Barriuso et al, 2008;K€ astner et al, 2013;Richnow et al, 2000).…”

Section: Pahs Reactivity In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Bayesian approach to improve and calibrate a dynamic model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation in an industrial contaminated soil

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Garnier

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et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tA novel kinetics model that describes the dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soils is presented. The model includes two typical biodegradation pathways: the cometabolic pathway using pseudo first order kinetics and the specific biodegradation pathway modeled using Monod kinetics. The sorption of PAHs to the solid soil occurs through bi-phasic fist order kinetics, and two types of non-extractible bounded residues are considered: the biogenic and the physically sequestrated into soil matrix. The PAH model was developed in Matlab, parameterized and tested successfully on batch experimental data using a Bayesian approach (DREAM). Preliminary results led to significant model simplifications. They also highlighted that the specific biodegradation pathway was the most efficient at explaining experimental data, as would be expected for an old industrial contaminated soil. Global analysis of sensitivity showed that the amount of PAHs ultimately degraded was mostly governed by physicochemical interactions rather than by biological activity.

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“…The mechanisms of NER formation are, of course, relevant for sediments as well and here we could have had a common research line. There are three types of NER [1]: xenobiotics may be entrapped in the structural network of inorganic and organic soil or sediment components (type I), or may be covalently bound to humic matter (type II). NER types I and II may contain the parent compound and/or primary metabolites, and especially type I NER are of environmental relevance as they may be released upon humic matter degradation or for instance in presence of natural or synthetic detergents.…”

Section: Laudation Andreas Schäffermentioning

confidence: 99%

Laudation to PD Dr. Wolfgang Ahlf: towards integrated approaches in sediment toxicology and its transfer to sediment quality guidelines

et al. 2015

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Thanking PD Dr. Wolfgang Ahlf on the occasion of his retirement for his outstanding experimental and conceptual merits in the field of sediment ecotoxicology and his personal 65th anniversary this article will present a laudation. This Editorial furthermore introduces a series of papers on 'Progress in sediment research and decision making' which is dedicated to Wolfgang Ahlf, one of the longstanding and leading experts in the field of sediment research. We cordially invite all colleagues who feel they can contribute to the topic to submit a manuscript to ESEU with reference to this series.

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Classification and Modelling of Nonextractable Residue (NER) Formation of Xenobiotics in Soil – A Synthesis

Cited by 216 publications

References 209 publications

From humic substances to soil organic matter–microbial contributions. In honour of Konrad Haider and James P. Martin for their outstanding research contribution to soil science

From humic substances to soil organic matter–microbial contributions. In honour of Konrad Haider and James P. Martin for their outstanding research contribution to soil science

Using a Bayesian approach to improve and calibrate a dynamic model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation in an industrial contaminated soil

Laudation to PD Dr. Wolfgang Ahlf: towards integrated approaches in sediment toxicology and its transfer to sediment quality guidelines

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