Classification and Nomanclature of Commercial Hygroscopic Dental Cements

Abstract

Objective: Under the Global Medical Device Nomenclature (GMDN) system, the newly introduced term 'hygroscopic dental cement' (HDC) encompasses MTA as well as cements based on bioceramics, calcium silicate or calcium sulphate. Many HDCs have a long history of use in dentistry. There is a need for a consistent, logical and informed approach to the nomenclature of traditional and novel HDCs. Methods: Commercial manufacturers of HDC were contacted requesting information on the compositions of products. Manufacturers that were unknown to the authors, that were unable to be contacted, that wished to be excluded from this paper, or that did not send their information on compositions in due time were not included. Results:The compositions of commercial HDCs include various hybrids of calcium silicates, calcium aluminates, calcium phosphates, calcium sulphate as well as zinc sulphates. Furthermore, there are variations in the radiopacifier as well as additives that change the handling or setting processes. Conclusion:The inclusion of different additives to HDCs enables variation in handling properties such that they now exist as distinct putties and sealers as well as cements.

TheraCal LC: From Biochemical and Bioactive Properties to Clinical Applications

“…This description has caused some confusion in the literature since there is no light-initiated setting of the Portland cement. The setting reaction depends upon polymerization of the resin component, thus excluding this material from the classification of hygroscopic dental cements that encompasses MTA as well as cements based on bioceramics, calcium silicate, or calcium sulfate [ 33 ]. The polymerization of TheraCal LC is associated with low heat generation, and this could reduce adverse pulpal effects when used in pulp capping procedures [ 34 ].…”

The effects of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the microhardness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and TotalFill Bioceramic Putty

“…BCP can be condensed in the absence of water as they set via moisture obtained from external sources (i.e. adjacent dentinal tubules) . Similarly, BCP has been recommended for use in repairing perforations due to their reported good sealing abilities, antibacterial and antifungal activities , and their supposedly shorter setting time .…”

“…They are radio‐opaque, biocompatible and have a high alkaline pH . The constituent of BCP includes zirconium oxide, calcium sulphates, tantalum oxide, calcium silicates and calcium phosphates . It is pre‐mixed with a non‐aqueous liquid .…”

Evolution of bioceramic cements in endodontics

“…Los términos "biocerámico", "MTA" y "cemento de silicato de calcio" pueden ser confusos, ya que no todas las propiedades se comparten entre dichos materiales. Las diferentes composiciones de los cemento las variaciones en la distribución del tamaño como el tamaño de partícula, espesantes, acelerantes y otros componentes que pueden afectar las propiedades de manejo y las reacciones de configuración que dan como resultado a variaciones en su rendimiento (Ha et al, 2017). Históricamente los cementos catalogados como biocerámicos surgen a partir de la composición del Cemento Portland.…”

“…La reacción de fraguado de este material, depende de la polimerización del componente de resina (Savas et al, 2014). TC es excluido de la clasificación de los cementos dentales higroscópicos que abarca el MTA y los cementos a base de biocerámicos, silicato de calcio o sulfato de calcio (Ha et al, 2017). Los componentes principales de TheraCal LC son los mostrados en la Tabla 6.…”