Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck

Bunnell, Anthony; Nedrud, Stacey; Fernandes, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.coms.2021.12.001

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the TNM system, the 'M' assesses dissemination to distal lymph nodes and organs, with the brain, lungs and liver being the preferred metastatic sites. 6,19 Melanoma staging may further be classified into stages 0-IV. 5 Stage 0, also known as in situ, denotes cancer cells that are confined to the epidermis lacking infiltration into the dermis, lymph nodes or distant organs.…”

Section: Melanoma Diagnosis and Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tumour thickness, within the TNM framework, is characterised by the primary tumour's thickness and ulceration. Conversely, the Breslow measurement considers the depth of invasion of the neoplasm 6,19 . Nodal involvement signifies whether the tumour has progressed to proximal lymph nodes.…”

Section: Melanoma Diagnosis and Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nodular melanoma is the most invasive class of melanoma, contributing to around 15%–20% of all South African cases, and is renowned for its ability to rapidly penetrate the skin 5 . It is characterised by the emergence of moles that exhibit dark blue–black, blue–red and occasionally colourless hues, typically found on the neck, head and trunk 19,21 …”

Section: Melanoma Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acral lentiginous melanoma is an infrequent form of melanoma, but frequently diagnosed in individuals with African ancestry 21 . It presents as tan to brown–black patches with uneven borders and is customarily located on the underside of nail plates, soles of the feet and the palms 5,19,21 …”

Section: Melanoma Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decoding the synergistic potential of MAZ‐51 and zingerone as therapy for melanoma treatment in alignment with sustainable development goals

Letsoalo,

Nortje,

Patrick

et al. 2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Melanoma, an invasive class of skin cancer, originates from mutations in melanocytes, the pigment‐producing cells. Globally, approximately 132,000 new cases are reported each year, and in South Africa, the incidence stands at 2.7 per 100,000 people, signifying a worrisome surge in melanoma rates. Therefore, there is a need to explore treatment modalities that will target melanoma's signalling pathways. Melanoma metastasis is aided by ligand activity of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) and C‐X‐C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) which bind to their receptors and promote tumour cell survival, lymphangiogenesis and chemotaxis. (3‐(4‐dimethylaminonaphthelen‐1‐ylmethylene)‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐one) MAZ‐51 is an indolinone‐based molecule that inhibits VEGF‐C induced phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR‐3). Despite the successful use of conventional cancer therapies, patients endure adverse side effects and cancer drug resistance. Moreover, conventional therapies are toxic to the environment and caregivers. The use of medicinal plants and their phytochemical constituents in cancer treatment strategies has become more widespread because of the rise in drug resistance and the development of unfavourable side effects. Zingerone, a phytochemical derived from ginger exhibits various pharmacological properties positioning it as a promising candidate for cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of melanoma biology and the intracellular signalling pathways promoting cell survival, proliferation and adhesion. There is a need to align health and environmental objectives within sustainable development goals 3 (good health and well‐being), 13 (climate action) and 15 (life on land) to promote early detection of skin cancer, enhance sun‐safe practices, mitigation of environmental factors and advancing the preservation of biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Thus, this review discusses the impact of cytostatic cancer drugs on patients and the environment and examines the potential use of phytochemicals as adjuvant therapy.

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Section: Melanoma Diagnosis and Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Melanoma Diagnosis and Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Melanoma Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Melanoma Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Decoding the synergistic potential of MAZ‐51 and zingerone as therapy for melanoma treatment in alignment with sustainable development goals

Letsoalo,

Nortje,

Patrick

et al. 2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The traditional clinicopathologic classification of melanoma is based on morphologic aspects of the growth stage, and the World Health Organization defines and distinguishes the four most common subtypes: superficial spreading melanoma (30% to 60%), lentigo maligna melanoma (10% to 40%), nodular melanoma (15% to 35%), and acral lentiginous melanoma (5% to 10%). 33 Recurrence and metastasis rates are also usually increased in cases involving the eyelid margin, conjunctiva, fornix, fossa, and caruncle. [34][35][36] The most influential factor in the pathogenesis of eyelid melanoma is UVB, especially UVB (290 to 320 nm).…”

Section: Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Periocular Malignancies and Postoperative Eyelid Reconstruction

Hou

Rokohl

Fan

et al. 2023

International Ophthalmology Clinics

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A Prognostic Model for Cancer‐Specific Survival Among Patients with Nodular Melanoma in Head and Neck

Fan,

Gou,

et al. 2024

The Laryngoscope

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ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the correlation between risk factors and treatment methods affecting nodular melanoma (NM) in the head and neck, as well as cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and provide personalized predictive tools for clinical physicians.MethodsThe retrospective study data of 1848 patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All variables were included in the correlation analysis using the Spearman method. Significant prognostic factors were extracted and integrated through Cox risk regression analysis to construct a nomogram. To assess the performance of the nomogram, Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed.ResultsSpearman's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between radiotherapy and lymph node metastasis, whereas chemotherapy showed a stronger association with distant metastasis. However, Cox risk regression analysis demonstrated that Mohs surgery and wide excision with margins exceeding 1 cm yielded substantial therapeutic advantages. Five independent risk prognostic factors (Breslow thickness, ulceration, N classification, M classification, and surgery type) were employed to construct a nomogram. The C‐index for this nomogram was 0.713 for the training set and 0.720 for the validation set. In the training set, the 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year areas under the curve (AUCs) for CSS were 0.752, 0.723, and 0.720, whereas the validation set's AUCs were 0.754, 0.763, and 0.760, respectively. Calibration curves indicated the nomogram's strong discriminative ability for predicting CSS.ConclusionIn this study, we identified independent prognostic factors for patients with NM in head and neck and developed a relatively accurate model to predict the survival probability of them, which could contribute to the tumor assessment and clinical decision‐making.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2024

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Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Decoding the synergistic potential of MAZ‐51 and zingerone as therapy for melanoma treatment in alignment with sustainable development goals

Decoding the synergistic potential of MAZ‐51 and zingerone as therapy for melanoma treatment in alignment with sustainable development goals

Periocular Malignancies and Postoperative Eyelid Reconstruction

A Prognostic Model for Cancer‐Specific Survival Among Patients with Nodular Melanoma in Head and Neck

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