Classification Framework for Free Space Optical Communication Links and Systems

Hamza, Abdelbaset S.; Deogun, Jitender S.; Alexander, Dennis R.

doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2876805

Cited by 128 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…Required high-speed wireless links can be obtained by state-of-the-art technologies such as millimeter wave [10] and free-space optical (FSO) communications [6], [11]. In particular, extremely high link capacities of FSO links can be further improved by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) methods which yield a high fan-out (i.e., large number of channels per FSO link) as well as elastic topologies [12]. Recently, Ciaramella et al [13] achieved a total of 1.28 Tbps speed in an outdoor experiment over 212 meters distance by using WDM-FSO link of 32 wavelengths (32ˆ40 Gbps).…”

Section: B Problem Statement and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

LightFDG: An Integrated Approach to Flow Detection and Grooming in Optical Wireless DCNs

AlGhadhban

Çelik

Shihada

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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LightFDG is an integrated approach to flow detection (FD) and flow grooming (FG) in optical wireless data center networks (DCNs), which is interconnected via wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based free-space optical (FSO) links. Since forwarding bandwidth-hungry elephant flows (EFs) and delay-sensitive mice flows (MFs) on the same path can cause severe performance degradation, the LightFDG optically grooms flows of each class into rack-to-rack (R2R) flows. Then, R2R-MF and R2R-EF flows are separately forwarded over lightpaths of separate MF and EF virtual topologies, respectively. Lightpaths are provisioned by jointly determining the capacity and route based on flows' arrival rate, size, and completion time request. To prevent EFs from congesting the MF lightpaths, high speed and accurate flow-detection mechanisms are also necessary for classifying EFs as soon as possible. Therefore, a fast-lightweight-andaccurate flow detection framework is developed by leveraging the transmission control protocol (TCP) behaviors. The proposed FD scheme has the flexibility of being implemented as in-network or centralized to classify flows of modifiable and unmodifiable hosts, respectively. Since the centralized scheme incurs considerable overhead, the processing and communication overhead is also mitigated by proposed techniques. Numerical results show that LightFDG outperforms traditional load balancers by about 3f or EFs and 10ˆfor MFs. Along with the developed overhead mitigation methods, the centralized scheme is shown to provide up to 62ˆlower overhead with 100% accuracy and with about 224ˆhigher detection speeds than the existing centralized solutions.

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Section: B Problem Statement and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

LightFDG: An Integrated Approach to Flow Detection and Grooming in Optical Wireless DCNs

AlGhadhban

Çelik

Shihada

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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“…Based on the IoT five-layer model discussed in Section II, we can see that the OWC fits in the Object Abstraction layer with other RF technologies and standards, such as RFID, 5G, WiFi, Bluetooth Low Energy, etc. Unlike RF, OWC has fewer standards with the most notable standard being the IEEE 802.15.7-2018 [13], [70]. Therefore, in the case of OWC application in IoT, we cannot only mention the standard as is the case for RF.…”

Section: Owc Preliminaries and Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OWC is the use of a modulated fast switching light emitter such as a Light Emitting Diode (LED) or Laser Diode (LD) to send data that can be received by image sensors (e.g., camera) or photodetectors [13]. The three frequency bands of Infrared (IR) 3 THz-300 THz, Visible Light (VL) 380 THz-790 THz, and Ultraviolet (UV) 790-3000 THz are commonly used to break up the large OWC bandwidth into frequencies with similar characteristics.…”

Section: A Owc Frequency Bands and Link Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to fibre-optic systems, Near IR (NIR) band is used in OWC applications in almost all environments indoor [12], underwater [71], terrestrial, and space [72]. UV is also invisible and can be physiologically damaging because of its high energy [13], therefore, UV is proposed to be used in terrestrial and underwater OWC systems using back-scattering links which is referred to as optical scattering communication (OSC) [73]. VL is the only visible band to the naked eye and is utilized widely to illuminate living quarters, work spaces, and businesses.…”

Section: A Owc Frequency Bands and Link Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OWC technology has been gaining increasing attention over the last few decades due to the latest advances in its enabling technologies (light sources and modulation), as well as the fact that it combines the high-bandwidth of fiber optics communications and the flexibility of wireless technologies. As a result, OWC technology continues to find its place in many applications [13] including indoor [12], terrestrial [14], space [15], and underwater [16] applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optical Wireless Communication for the Internet of Things: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Hamza¹,

Tripp²

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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<div>The continuous development of the Internet of Things (IoT) calls for innovative solutions and technologies to realize the IoT vision efficiently. One of the rising connectivity technologies that can potentially benefit the IoT deployment is Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) technology. In OWC, light beams from light sources are used to modulate information. The receiver demodulates the received light and processes the signal. The broad unlicensed spectrum of the OWC technology, along with its potential high bit-rate and increased physical link security, motivated researchers to consider OWC for IoT solutions. In this paper, we survey the existing literature related to using OWC technology in the IoT domain. We present the background and preliminaries of the IoT and OWC domains to understand how the OWC fits in the IoT architecture. Then we perform a comprehensive survey of literature related to the use of OWC technology in IoT applications. We highlight and summarize the major papers and experiments in the literature to provide researchers a jump-start to tap into the domain of OWC in IoT using the systemic and detailed survey presented in this paper.</div>

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A Mach–Zehnder modulator based novel regenerator for employment in relays used in free space optical communication

Ahmad

Mirza

Aljohani

et al. 2021

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Relay nodes that are proposed for extending the length of free space optical links are generally based upon simple optical amplifiers. In this article, we have proposed an all‐optical relay that performs regeneration of optical signals along with the conventional optical amplification. Our proposed regenerator is based upon a dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator. The optical pulsed signal received at the input of the regenerator is divided into two outputs using an optical splitter. One of the splitter outputs is converted into an electrical signal while the signal in the other path is given as input to the optical modulator. The negative slope of the modulator is used to compress intensity fluctuations over the pulsed optical signal by combining the converted electrical signal with the bias voltage of the modulator. We have compared the performance of our proposed regeneration scheme with the conventional optical amplifier based relay nodes in a free space optical link that is modeled by the Gamma–Gamma channel model. To simulate the effect of medium and strong turbulence of the free space optical link, the refractive index structure parameters chosen for the Gamma–Gamma channel model are 0.5×10−14 and 0.5×10−9m−2/3, respectively. It was observed that our proposed dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator based relay significantly improves the receiver sensitivity by 4 dB under strong turbulence conditions and by 0.7 dB under medium turbulence conditions, respectively.

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Classification Framework for Free Space Optical Communication Links and Systems

Cited by 128 publications

References 249 publications

LightFDG: An Integrated Approach to Flow Detection and Grooming in Optical Wireless DCNs

LightFDG: An Integrated Approach to Flow Detection and Grooming in Optical Wireless DCNs

Optical Wireless Communication for the Internet of Things: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

A Mach–Zehnder modulator based novel regenerator for employment in relays used in free space optical communication

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