Classification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacterium, Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1, as Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov.

Abstract

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing Mycobacterium strain, PYR-1(T), was isolated from petroleum-contaminated estuarine sediments and has been shown by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related to Mycobacterium aurum ATCC 23366(T) and Mycobacterium vaccae ATCC 15438(T). In this investigation, the 16S rDNA, fatty acid methyl esters, DNA-DNA hybridization, PFGE analysis of restriction-digested total genomic DNA and biochemical tests were used to determine the taxonomic relationship of strain PYR-1(T) to other closely related Mycobacterium species. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain PYR-1(T) was similar to that of Mycobacterium austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T), except for one gap at position 43. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis also showed similarity to M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T); however, the Euclidean distance was greater than 4.0, indicating that these strains were not identical. Dot-blot DNA-DNA hybridization of strain PYR-1(T) with M. austroafricanum indicated less than 40% relatedness. When the total chromosomal DNA of M. aurum ATCC 23366(T), M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) and strain PYR-1(T) was digested with restriction enzyme Xbal and analysed by PFGE, all three organisms gave different restriction patterns. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the reverse-phase HPLC elution profiles of mycolic acids of strain PYR-1(T) and M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) have different patterns. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 165 rRNA gene sequences, fatty acid analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and PFGE analysis and physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is concluded that strain PYR-1(T) (= DSM 7251(T) = NRRL B-24157(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov. is proposed.

Biostimulation Reveals Functional Redundancy of Anthracene-Degrading Bacteria in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil

“…Functional redundancy for pollutant degradation has previously been observed during biological treatment of other contaminated soils (Korotkevych et al, 2011;Pilloni et al, 2011) and wastewater (Curtis and Sloan, 2006), and such redundancy has also been specifically shown for the degradation of the LMW PAH naphthalene (Guazzaroni et al, 2013). This and other works demonstrate the possibility that organisms identified as degraders of a particular compound (either through cultivation or molecular techniques) based solely on analyses of a contaminated but untreated sample may fail to accurately predict the most relevant organisms within a biological treatment scheme.…”

“…Similar to other low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs such as naphthalene and phenanthrene, anthracene can be degraded by a wide variety of microorganisms. Isolated bacteria capable of anthracene metabolism include organisms from both Gram-positive (Dean-Ross et al, 2001;Khan et al, 2002;Zeinali et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2009;Zeng et al, 2010;Ling et al, 2011) and Gram-negative genera (Story et al, 2004;Jacques et al, 2005;Baboshin et al, 2008;Arulazhagan and Vasudevan, 2011;Jin et al, 2012), and several fungi have been described that are capable of transforming anthracene (Wu et al, 2010;Acevedo et al, 2011). However, only recently have culture-independent methods been applied to directly link uncultivated or uncharacterized bacteria to the metabolism of anthracene in contaminated environments.…”

Isolation and Identification of Mycobacteria from Soils at an Illegal Dumping Site and Landfills in Japan

“…M. vanbaalenii (17), M. austroafricanum (32), M. chlorophenolicum (24), and M. frederiksbergense (41), which are phylogenically close to these isolates, were reported to have pollutant-degrading capacities (shown as in Fig. 1).…”

“…Yan Wang 1 tion of contaminated sites with other microorganisms (5,10,17,19,22,41,44). Detailed analyses of the interaction between environmental conditions and mycobacteria are needed.…”

“…Fax: ϩ81-93-602-4799. E-mail: hatsumi@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp Abbreviations: ARB, amoeba resistant bacteria; CFU, colony forming unit; DSMZ, the German National Resource Centre for Biological Material; hsp65, heat shock protein gene 65-kilodalton; MOI, multiplicity of infection; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PCDDS, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; rpoB, RNA polymerase β-subunit gene; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; Z-N, Ziehl-Neelsen staining; 16S rRNA, 16S ribosomal RNA.tion of contaminated sites with other microorganisms (5,10,17,19,22,41,44). Detailed analyses of the interaction between environmental conditions and mycobacteria are needed.…”