Classification of Andrographis paniculata extracts by solvent extraction using HPLC fingerprint and chemometric analysis

Rafi, Mohamad; Devi, Anggun Fenika; Syafitri, Utami Dyah; Heryanto, Rudi; Suparto, Irma Herawati; Amran, Muhammad Bachri; Rohman, Abdul; Prajogo, Bambang; Lim, Lee Wah

doi:10.1186/s13104-020-4920-x

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The hydrolysis rate of phospholipid is temperature dependent, thus, an elevation in temperature increases the hydrolysis rate and produces more fatty acid. 39 Therefore, the ethosomal gels stored at 30°C and 40°C, had lower pH, compared to the counterparts stored at low temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Andrographolide-loaded ethosomal gel for transdermal application: Formulation and in vitro penetration study

Martihandini¹,

Surini²,

Bahtiar³

2021

Pharm Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Andrographolide is a phytoconstituent with anti-inflammatory activity, however, the compound’s poor oral bioavailability has hindered its effective formulation for oral administration. This study, therefore, aims to develop an ethosome for improving andrographolide penetration through the transdermal delivery system. Methods: This study developed 3 ethosome formulas with different andrographolide-phospholipid weight ratios (1:8, 1:9; 1:10), using the thin-layer dispersion-sonication method. Subsequently, the ethosomes were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, as well as entrapment efficiency, and incorporated into a gel dosage form. Subsequently, an in vitro penetration study was performed using Franz diffusion cells for 24 hours and the stability of the gels at 5 ± 2°C, 30 ± 2°C, and 40 ± 2°C, were studied for 3 months. Results: The results showed the optimal formula was E2, a 1:9 weight ratio formula of andrographolide and phospholipid. Based on the transmission electron micrograph, E2 possessed unilamellar, as well as spherical-shaped vesicles, and exhibited superior characteristics for transdermal delivery, with a particle size of 89.95 ± 0.75 nm, polydispersity index of 0.254 ± 0.020, a zeta potential of -39.3 ± 0.82 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 97.89 ± 0.02%. Furthermore, the cumulative andrographolide penetration and transdermal flux for the ethosomal gel of E2 (EG2) were 129.25 ± 4.66 µg/cm2 and 5.16 ± 0.10 µg/cm2/hours, respectively. All the ethosomal gel formulations exhibited improved penetration enhancement of andrographolide, compared to the nonethosomal formulations. Also, the andrographolide levels in the ethosomal and nonethosomal gels after 3 months ranged from 98.13 to 104.19%, 97.93 to 104.01%, and 97.23 to 102.26% at storage temperatures of 5 ± 2°C, 30 ± 2°C/RH 65% ± 5%, and 40 ± 2°C/RH 75% ± 5%, respectively. Conclusions: This study concluded that encapsulation into ethosome enhances andrographolide delivery through the skin.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Andrographolide-loaded ethosomal gel for transdermal application: Formulation and in vitro penetration study

Martihandini¹,

Surini²,

Bahtiar³

2021

Pharm Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, ethanolic extracts of A. paniculata were reported to yield higher concentrations of andrographolide compared to aqueous extracts. 48 In the case of A. paniculata , one in vitro study reported andrographolide to be potentially more potent than the extract itself. However, details on the extract itself were not reported in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees, Andrographolide, and Andrographolide Analogues as SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals? A Rapid Review

Lim

Chan

Tan

et al. 2021

Natural Product Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drug repurposing is commonly employed in the search for potential therapeutic agents. Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal plant commonly used for symptomatic relief of the common cold, and its phytoconstituent andrographolide, have been repeatedly identified as potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In light of new evidence emerging since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this rapid review was conducted to identify and evaluate the current SARS-CoV-2 antiviral evidence for A. paniculata, andrographolide, and andrographolide analogs. A systematic search and screen strategy of electronic databases and gray literature was undertaken to identify relevant primary articles. One target-based in vitro study reported the 3CLpro inhibitory activity of andrographolide as being no better than disulfiram. Another Vero cell-based study reported potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity for both andrographolide and A. paniculata extract. Eleven in silico studies predicted the binding of andrographolide and its analogs to several key antiviral targets of SARS-CoV-2 including the spike protein-ACE-2 receptor complex, spike protein, ACE-2 receptor, RdRp, 3CLpro, PLpro, and N-protein RNA-binding domain. In conclusion, in silico and in vitro studies collectively suggest multi-pathway targeting SARS-CoV-2 antiviral properties of andrographolide and its analogs, but in vivo data are needed to support these predictions.

show abstract

“…Medicinal plant and their natural components A. paniculata, E. harmandiana and S. avescens are highly valuable medicinal plant reported by ul Qamar, Mussard, Ra [26,29,31] and JayaKumar [30] and others researchers and it is mainly used as an herbal remedy for the treatments of lung, sore throat, u & upper respiratory tract infections, inhibitors activity of NS1, NS3/NS2B and NS5 proteins of dengue virus and anti-in ammatory, anti-tumor, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifeedant, antidiabetic, antiviral & other pharmacological activities. The molecular properties of the natural components of three pertinent medicinal plant were retrieved from the PubChem database ( [36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to [30] many of the physician have manufactured several derivatives of andrographolide, which manifest remarkable remedial activities such as antiviral, antifeedant, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, antitumor, antibacterial, and antiin ammatory. The concentration and composition of chemical constituents in plants are greatly affected by variable factors like harvesting condition, growth condition, genetic factors, types of extraction solvent, and concentration of solvents [31]. Churiyah [32] indicated that the ethanol fraction of A. paniculata inhibited the titre of SRC virus in a similar way as done by Lamivudine control in A549 cell line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Canthin-6-One 9-O-Beta-Glucopyranoside: an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) proteases PLpro and Mpro/ 3CLpro

Verma¹,

Mitra²,

Kamboj³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has raised a severe global public health issue, where therapy is not identified with specific drugs or vaccines. The present investigation dealt with the inhibition of various proteins and receptors of virus using phytocompounds of three pertinent medicinal plants i.e. Eurycoma harmandiana, Sophora flavescens and Andrographis paniculata. Phytocompounds known to have antiviral properties were screened against the papain-like protease (PLpro) and main protease (Mpro) / 3-chymotrypsin-like Protease (3CLpro). Molecular docking with Canthin-6-One 9-O-Beta-Glucopyranoside showed the highest binding affinity and least binding energy with both the proteases viz. PLpro and Mpro/ 3CLpro. ADMET analysis of the compound suggested that it is having drug-like properties like high gastrointestinal (gi-) absorption, no blood-brain barrier permeability, and high lipophilicity.

show abstract

Classification of Andrographis paniculata extracts by solvent extraction using HPLC fingerprint and chemometric analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Andrographolide-loaded ethosomal gel for transdermal application: Formulation and in vitro penetration study

Andrographolide-loaded ethosomal gel for transdermal application: Formulation and in vitro penetration study

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees, Andrographolide, and Andrographolide Analogues as SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals? A Rapid Review

Canthin-6-One 9-O-Beta-Glucopyranoside: an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) proteases PLpro and Mpro/ 3CLpro

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About