Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species

Abstract

The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium . Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotiales using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceae is introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae , Elaphomycetaceae , Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae . The Eurotiales includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae ( Aspergillago , Aspergillus , Evansstolkia , Hamigera , Leiothecium , Monascus , Penicilliopsis , Penicillium , Phialomyces , Pseudohamigera , Pseudopenicillium , Sclerocleista , Warcupiella , Xerochrysium and Xeromyces ), eight in the Trichocomaceae ( Acidotalaromyces , Ascospirella , Dendrosphaera , Rasamsonia , Sagenomella , Talaromyces , Thermomyces , Trichocoma ), two in the Thermoascaceae ( Paecilomyces , Thermoascus ) and one in the Penicillaginaceae ( Penicillago ). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceae was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family ( Elaphomyces and Pseudotulostoma ). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillus and Penicillium . Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional l...

Rare/cryptic Aspergillus species infections and importance of antifungal susceptibility testing

“…Phylogenetic tree showing the relationships of the case isolates (PW4001 and PW4217) with members of Aspergillus section Nidulantes series Nidulantes 34 inferred from the concatenated internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, partial BenA and partial CaM sequence data (1344 nucleotide positions) by the maximum‐likelihood method using the substitution model K2 (Kimura 2‐parameter) + G (gamma‐distributed rate variation). The scale bars indicate the estimated numbers of substitutions per base.…”

“…Phylogenetic trees showing the relationships of the case isolates PW2881, PW3979, PW3980, PW4045, PW4047, PW4048, PW4049, PW4102, PW4104, PW4122, PW4213, PW4252, PW4259, PW4423, PW4623, PW4631 and PW4667 with members of Aspergillus section Nigri 34 inferred from the (A) concatenated internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, partial BenA and partial CaM sequence data (1544 nucleotide positions) and (B) partial CaM sequence data alone (451 nucleotide positions) by the maximum‐likelihood method using the substitution models (A) TN93 (Tamura‐Nei) + G (gamma‐distributed rate variation) or (B) K2 (Kimura 2‐parameter) + G. B, was reconstructed following the/tubingensis clade proposed by D'hooge et al 26 The scale bars indicate the estimated numbers of substitutions per base. All names and accession numbers are given as cited in the DDBJ/ENA/GenBank databases.…”

Revisiting an Aspergillus flavus Strain Isolated from an Egyptian Sugarcane Field in 1930

“…Comparison of the generated CaM sequence of CBS 108.30 with other A. novoparasiticus strains and reference sequences of series Flavi species [ 12 ] confirms that this strain is A. novoparasiticus . CBS 108.30 resides in a clade together with other A. novoparasiticus strains are isolated previously from sugarcane juice in Egypt and from other sources in Brazil.…”

First report of Penicillium costaricense Visagie, M. Urb & Seifert (Eurotiales, Ascomycota) in South America and a second report for the world

“…In order to present a natural classification, species of these genus are grouped in several sections based on morphology and phylogeny (Houbraken et al 2020). The Penicillium section Charlesia Houbraken & Samson comprises rather rare species which exhibit monoverticillate or biverticillate conidiophores (Visagie et al 2016).…”

“…The Penicillium section Charlesia Houbraken & Samson comprises rather rare species which exhibit monoverticillate or biverticillate conidiophores (Visagie et al 2016). Currently, Houbraken et al (2020) Visagie & Yilmaz, and P. phoeniceum J.F.H. Beyma.…”