Classification of Biomaterial Functionality

Arjunan, Arun; Baroutaji, Ahmad; Praveen, Ayyappan Susila; Robinson, John; Wang, Chang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815732-9.00027-9

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…The lattice parameters calculated from XRD data by the least-squares-fit method are shown in Table 1. They indicate that the values are comparable with the reported values of the a-axis (9.418 Å) and c-axis (6.884 Å) [39,59,60]. The results indicate a larger crystallite size in the case of the SHAp sample when compared to the EHAp and CHAp.…”

Section: Characterization Of Synthesized Hapsupporting

confidence: 86%

Mechanical Properties of Differently Nanostructured and High-Pressure Compressed Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Bone Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2021

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has long been considered the gold standard in the biomedical field, considering its composition and close resemblance to human bone. However, the brittle nature of hydroxyapatite (HAp) biomaterial, constrained by its low fracture toughness (of up to 1.2 vs. 2–12 MPa m1/2 of human bone), remains one of the significant factors impairing its use in bone regeneration. In the present study, HAp nanoparticles synthesized by the solid-state (SHAp) and sonochemical (EHAp) approaches using eggshell-derived calcium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate as precursors are compared with those synthesized using commercially available calcium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate as precursors (CHAp) employing sonochemical method. The HAp samples were then compressed into compact materials using a uniaxial high-pressure compression technique at a preoptimized load and subsequently characterized for mechanical properties using the Vickers indentation method and compressive strength testing. The analysis revealed that the material with smaller particle size (30–40 nm) and crystalline nature (EHAp and CHAp) resulted in mechanically robust materials (σm= 54.53 MPa and 47.72 MPa) with high elastic modulus (E = 4011.1 MPa and 2750.25 MPa) and density/hardness-dependent fracture toughness (σf= 4.34 MPa m1/2and 6.57 MPa m1/2) than SHAp (σm =28.40 MPa, E = 2116.75 MPa, σf = 5.39 MPa m1/2). The CHAp material was found to be the most suitable for applications in bone regeneration.

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Section: Characterization Of Synthesized Hapsupporting

confidence: 86%

Mechanical Properties of Differently Nanostructured and High-Pressure Compressed Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Bone Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2021

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“…However, it is hopeful that Class I devices such as the ones demonstrated in this study can be approved through an existing well-established process. This is because materials used for Class-I devices are only suitable for external contact similar to bandages and masks (Arjunan et al, 2020c). To use the novel Cu-W-Ag material developed in this study for Class II and III devices requires further testing both in vivo and in vitro.…”

Section: Regulation and Approvalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silver (Ag) offers wide spectrum antibacterial (Arjunan et al, 2020b), antifungal and antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 due to its ions (Ag1) interfering with virus Ribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid (Galdiero et al, 2011;Sun and Ostrikov, 2020;Jeremiah et al, 2020). Ag1 ions can supply long-duration antiviral properties making them suitable for Class I devices (Arjunan et al, 2020c) such as wound dressings, pin site infections, face visors and masks. However, the relatively high cost offers challenges for large-scale implementation and scale-up in its pure form (Sun and Ostrikov, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Copper-Tungsten-Silver alloy

Robinson

Arjunan

Baroutaji

et al. 2021

RPJ

Self Cite

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Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic emphasises the need for antiviral materials that can reduce airborne and surface-based virus transmission. This study aims to propose the use of additive manufacturing (AM) and surrogate modelling for the rapid development and deployment of novel copper-tungsten-silver (Cu-W-Ag) microporous architecture that shows strong antiviral behaviour against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Design/methodology/approach The research combines selective laser melting (SLM), in-situ alloying and surrogate modelling to conceive the antiviral Cu-W-Ag architecture. The approach is shown to be suitable for redistributed manufacturing by representing the pore morphology through a surrogate model that parametrically manipulates the SLM process parameters: hatch distance (h_d), scan speed (S_s) and laser power (L_p). The method drastically simplifies the three-dimensional (3D) printing of microporous materials by requiring only global geometrical dimensions solving current bottlenecks associated with high computed aided design data transfer required for the AM of porous materials. Findings The surrogate model developed in this study achieved an optimum parametric combination that resulted in microporous Cu-W-Ag with average pore sizes of 80 µm. Subsequent antiviral evaluation of the optimum architecture showed 100% viral inactivation within 5 h against a biosafe enveloped ribonucleic acid viral model of SARS-CoV-2. Research limitations/implications The Cu-W-Ag architecture is suitable for redistributed manufacturing and can help reduce surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, further optimisation may improve the virus inactivation time. Practical implications The study was extended to demonstrate an open-source 3D printed Cu-W-Ag antiviral mask filter prototype. Social implications The evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic brings new and unpredictable challenges where redistributed manufacturing of 3D printed antiviral materials can achieve rapid solutions. Originality/value The papers present for the first time a methodology to digitally conceive and print-on-demand a novel Cu-W-Ag alloy that shows high antiviral behaviour against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Mechanical response of cortical bone under single loading mode couldn't reveal the objective mechanics law [21]. Arjunan considered that the functional classification of biomaterials should undergo the rigorous experimental evaluation, such as safety, mechanical performance and application [22]. Lee found under the physiologic loads, with the age-related bone loss, the trochanter of the femur increased the risk of fracture in a fall [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the mechanical response and deformation mechanism of cortical bone material under combined compression and bending loads

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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Objective service load is the load pattern of cortical bone in practical conditions. The objective service load conditions of cortical bone are complicated, usually including two or more load patterns. The mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of cortical bone material under coupling load pattern and single load pattern are diametrically different. However, nowadays，researches on the mechanical response of cortical bone have been heavily focused on the single load pattern, which couldn’t reveal the potential deformation mechanism accurately. For the purpose of obtaining the objective mechanical properties under complicated loading patterns, the mechanical response and deformation mechanism of bone material under compression-bending coupling load were investigated by in-situ test. The research shows that bending strength increased under the compression-bending coupling load than the single bending load. By in-situ observation, the variations of surface strain distribution and cracks directions were the potential reasons for the increase of the bending strength. It was found that the cracks changed from transverse fracture to integrated patterns with transverse fracture and longitudinal fracture. Larger fracture range and tortuous crack propagation increased the fracture energy dissipation, which led to an enlarged bending strength under the compression-bending coupling load. Through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, the impeded effect to the increasing of bending deflection was dominant before the final fracture with the adding of the compression load. The numerical calculation result was consistent with the result of the experiment. This present work would provide new references to further studies on the mechanical behavior of cortical bone under complicated loading patterns.

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Classification of Biomaterial Functionality

Cited by 27 publications

References 179 publications

Mechanical Properties of Differently Nanostructured and High-Pressure Compressed Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Mechanical Properties of Differently Nanostructured and High-Pressure Compressed Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Additive manufacturing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Copper-Tungsten-Silver alloy

Investigation of the mechanical response and deformation mechanism of cortical bone material under combined compression and bending loads

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