Classification of Corn Stalk Lodging Resistance Using Equivalent Forces Combined with SVD Algorithm

Guo, Qingqian; Chen, Ruipeng; Ma, Liuzheng; Sun, Haifeng; Weng, Mengmeng; Li, Shixin; Hu, Jiandong

doi:10.3390/app9040640

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Such loading conditions produce natural failure types and failure patterns in plant specimens (i.e., failure occurs at the cross-section with the least optimal allocation of structural tissue). Several devices have been recently developed which accomplish this task (Grafius and Brown, 1954; Berry et al ., 2003; Guo et al ., 2018, 2019; Erndwein et al ., 2019; Heuschele et al ., 2019). In particular, they utilize the natural anchoring of the maize roots and apply a point load to a cross-section near the ear (very similar to the loading profile shown in Figure 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Maize Stalks Efficiently Tapered to Withstand Wind Induced Bending Stresses?

Stubbs

Seegmiller

Sekhon

et al. 2020

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structural 19 Highlight: Maize stem morphology was investigated through an optimization algorithm to 20 determine how efficiently their structural tissues are allocated to withstand wind induced bending 21 stresses that cause stalk lodging.Abstract 24 Stalk lodging (breaking of agricultural plant stalks prior to harvest) results in millions of 25 dollars in lost revenue each year. Despite a growing body of literature on the topic of stalk lodging, 26the structural efficiency of maize stalks has not been investigated previously. In this study, we 27 investigate the morphology of mature maize stalks to determine if rind tissues, which are the major 28 load bearing component of corn stalks, are efficiently organized to withstand wind induced 29 bending stresses that cause stalk lodging. 30 945 fully mature, dried commercial hybrid maize stem specimens (48 hybrids, ~2 31 replicates, ~10 samples per plot) were subjected to: (1) three-point-bending tests to measure their 32 bending strength and (2) rind penetration tests to measure the cross-sectional morphology at each 33 internode. The data were analyzed through an engineering optimization algorithm to determine the 34 structural efficiency of the specimens. 35Hybrids with higher average bending strengths were found to allocate rind tissue more 36 efficiently than weaker hybrids. However, even strong hybrids were structurally suboptimal. 37There remains significant room for improving the structural efficiency of maize stalks. Results 38 also indicated that stalks are morphologically organized to resist wind loading that occurs primarily 39 above the ear. Results are applicable to selective breeding and crop management studies seeking 40 to reduce stalk lodging rates. 41 65 to devote to grain filling as compared to inefficient stalks (i.e., efficient stalks would have a higher 66 harvest index). 67As mentioned previously, both the taper and probable wind loading scenarios must be 68 defined to determine the structural efficiency of maize stalks. The wind load exerted on a plant 69 stalk, known as the drag force (Df), can be approximated as (Niklas, 2000):where ⍴ is the density of air, u is the local wind speed, Ap is the projected area of the structure, and 72 CD is the drag coefficient. While this equation appears fairly simple at first glance, it is 73 complicated by the fact that the variables on the right hand side of the equation are functions that 74 can vary both temporally and spatially. For example, the drag coefficient changes spatially along 75 the length of the stalk and is also a function of the local wind speed. As the local wind speed 76 increases, the angle of the leaf blades and tassel change (known as flagging), which alters the drag 77 coefficient. 78The strong interrelationships between the factors of Equation 1 complicate attempts to 79 directly measure wind forces on maize stalks. Direct measurements of wind speeds have 80 successfully been used to estimate drag forces in past studies of trees (Niklas and Spatz, 1999; 81 Niklas, 2000). However, t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Maize Stalks Efficiently Tapered to Withstand Wind Induced Bending Stresses?

Stubbs

Seegmiller

Sekhon

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The first device (referred to here as Guo’s device) was developed to non‐destructively measure the forces required to bend maize stalks across a set of discrete angles (Fig. 3C, Table 1; Guo et al, 2018, 2019). In this device, a controller module with a strain sensor is connected by a belt to a second unit fixed to the stalk.…”

Section: Mechanical Methods To Evaluate Stalk Lodgingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The controller module is pulled to discrete angles ranging from 0°–45° and the maximum equivalent force is recorded. This force was shown to have a strong negative correlation with the incidence of stalk lodging in maize (Guo et al, 2018, 2019).…”

Section: Mechanical Methods To Evaluate Stalk Lodgingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field‐based mechanical phenotyping of cereal crops to assess lodging resistance

et al. 2020

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Plant mechanical failure, also known as lodging, is the cause of significant and unpredictable yield losses in cereal crops. Lodging occurs in two distinct failure modes—stalk lodging and root lodging. Despite the prevalence and detrimental impact of lodging on crop yields, there is little consensus on how to phenotype plants in the field for lodging resistance and thus breed for mechanically resilient plants. This review provides an overview of field‐based mechanical testing approaches to assess stalk and root lodging resistance. These approaches are placed in the context of future perspectives. Best practices and recommendations for acquiring field‐based mechanical phenotypes of plants are also presented.

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“…Bitki boyu uzun genotipler yatmaya daha dayanıksızdır ve yatmanın hasadı zorlaştırarak, verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olduğu bilinmektedir (Shi et al, 2016). Bitki boyu yönünden yerel mısır çeşitleri arasında önemli farklar önceki araştırmalarda da tespit edilmiş, bu araştırmadaki bitki boyu değişim aralığı, Öz (1991) (Kelly et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2019)…”

Section: Bitki Boyu Ilk Koçan Yüksekliği Ve Sap çApıunclassified