Classification of eating impairments based on eating efficiency in children with cerebral palsy

Gisel, Erika G.; Alphonce, E.

doi:10.1007/bf00431421

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Overall, 13 of the 15 measures were developed as clinical assessments by health professionals; 3,6,8,13,20,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] nine of the measures made use of information gathered in interviews or questionnaires from parents of children with CP or developmental disabilities. 3,6,20,33,35,37,38,40,41 One study 42 made use of a single item taken from the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,6,20,32,33,38,40 Seven measures included information about food texture or fluid consistency managed by the child. 3,33,34,36,38,40,41 Seven measures included details about swallowing 3,32,33,[36][37][38]40 and five scales included information about the oral skills required to bite and chew food. 3,32,36,38,40 Five scales reported 'feeding dysfunction' or 'difficulties', although these were not defined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,8,38 Four measures included details about the level of assistance required by the child to eat or drink. 6,20,35,40 Three measures made use of the time taken or the duration in order to define the categories assigned to a child; 6,34,40 two of these measures used duration of mealtimes as an indication of severity. 6,40 What this paper adds…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 The terms 'mild', 'moderate', and 'severe' were used by eight different scales, each with a different definition. 3,13,[32][33][34]36,38,39 The available evidence of the validity and reliability of the different scales is summarized in Table II. The scale from the North American Growth Project 3 was derived from acknowledged expert sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of ordinal scales used to classify the eating and drinking abilities of individuals with cerebral palsy

Sellers

Pennington

Mandy

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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AIM The aim of this review was to examine systematically the scope, validity, and reliability of ordinal scales used to classify the eating and drinking ability of people with cerebral palsy (CP).METHOD Six electronic databases were searched to identify measures used to classify eating and drinking ability; in addition, two databases were used to track citations of key texts. The constructs assessed by each measure were examined in relation to the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Evidence of validity and reliability of the identified scales was appraised from peer-reviewed studies using standard criteria.RESULTS Fifteen scales were identified in 23 papers. Clinician or researcher assessment was required for 13 scales; nine scales made use of information from parents and carers through interviews or questionnaires. Eight scales used the terms mild, moderate, and severe (with varying definitions) to describe different aspects of eating and drinking impairment. There was an assessment of either content validity and/or reliability for five scales; however, none met the recommended psychometric quality standards. Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) experience activity limitations including limitations in sitting, standing, walking, handling objects, and speaking. Impairments can also interfere with the oral functions required for eating, drinking, and swallowing, 1,2 and the ability to bring food and drink to the mouth.3 Limitations in the ability to bite, chew and swallow, and self-feed are often associated with prolonged mealtimes and loss of both food and fluid from the mouth; this can lead to insufficient food and fluid intake to ensure growth and good health, 3-7 as well as adverse respiratory consequences such as episodes of choking and aspiration. 1,[8][9][10] The prevalence of eating and drinking difficulties in individuals with CP is unclear.11 Estimates range from 27% 12 to 90%, 13 depending on the definitions and measurement tools used. It has been proposed that prevalence is related to the severity of motor impairment, 14 although eating and drinking difficulties also occur in individuals with mildly affected gross motor function. 22 The use of a consistent indicator of eating and drinking ability would enable more rigorous investigation of the prevalence of feeding disorders, and of associations between the severity of eating and drinking limitations and other health indicators such as growth, respiratory health, and gastrostomy use. 23A recent systematic review examined the psychometric performance and clinical utility of quantitative measures of oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. 21 The aim of the current review was to examine the evidence for the validity and reliability of descriptive ordinal scales used to classify the eating and drinking ability of individuals with CP. These scales could then potentially be adopted in clinical and populationbased research. METHOD Search strategyA systematic search ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of ordinal scales used to classify the eating and drinking abilities of individuals with cerebral palsy

Sellers

Pennington

Mandy

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…2 Approximately, 33 to 73% of patients are reported to suffer dysphagia following stroke, motor neuron disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, etc. 3,4 It can further lead to aspiration pneumonia, dehydration, malnutrition and other serious complications. 5 Clinical presentation may vary from patient to patient and that needs to be taken into consideration while planning rehabilitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of posture on swallowing

Alghadir¹,

Zafar²,

Al-Eisa³

et al. 2017

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Swallowing is a systematic process. Any structural, physiological or neurological disturbance in this process may cause dysphagia. Although there are studies that report head/neck movements during mastication, there are fewer studies that show the effect of different head/neck postures on difficulty while swallowing. Objectives: To observe the effect of different body postures on the self-perceived difficulty while swallowing in normal healthy subjects. Methods: Participants were asked to swallow 25 ml of water in one go while sitting upright, sitting with head/neck flexed, head/ neck extended and lying supine. Following this, they had to rate their self-perceived difficulty while swallowing on a scale of 0-10, 0 being most easy and 10 being most difficult. Results: 186 subjects with mean age 32.7 SD 9.04 participated in this study. It was found to be least difficult to swallow when subjects were asked to swallow in upright sitting position. Statistically significant differences were found between sitting upright, sitting with head/neck flexed, head/neck extended and lying supine. Conclusion: Postural modification may help in rehabilitation of patients with dysphagia by affecting bolus flow to improve speed and safety of swallowing by closure of airways to prevent aspiration.

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Interventions and outcomes for children with dysphagia

Gisel

2008

Dev Disabil Res Revs

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Feeding problems are common even in typically developing infants and children. However, they are more frequent and persistent in children with developmental disabilities. This article will provide an overview of current literature and a rationale underlying the interventions used for children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have eating impairments (dysphagia). The review is not intended to be exhaustive, but papers were selected that highlight some of the issues and challenges of the field. Normal oral-motor development is briefly discussed to show how it may inform clinical practice in the understanding of feeding problems. Description of the risk factors and the nature and extent of eating impairments will show how interventions need to be specific to the severity of eating impairments. Examination of sensorimotor therapies, using oral stimulation exercises or an intra-oral appliance, will highlight the range of their effectiveness, as well as their limitations. Similarly, an examination of tube feeding, used for nutritional rehabilitation of the most severely affected children, will address the benefits, controversies as well as moral issues encountered by caregivers and professionals. Multi-center studies will be needed to obtain more homogeneous samples, large enough to address questions of early interventions and their subsequent effect on later development.

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Classification of eating impairments based on eating efficiency in children with cerebral palsy

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

A systematic review of ordinal scales used to classify the eating and drinking abilities of individuals with cerebral palsy

A systematic review of ordinal scales used to classify the eating and drinking abilities of individuals with cerebral palsy

Effect of posture on swallowing

Interventions and outcomes for children with dysphagia

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