Classification of gaseous UF<sub>6</sub> assay by femtosecond LIBS in the 424.4 nm spectral region using numerical HOGSVD-DTW features

Jordan, Ben; Thomason, Michael G.; Readle, Jason D.; Cooper, Joel; Hayward, Jason P.; Hall, Howard L.

doi:10.1039/d3ja00062a

Cited by 1 publication

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“…[265][266][267][268][269] Jordan et al report an analogous study using fs-LIBS in an attempt to achieve greater stability with the gaseous measurements over a larger pressure range. 270 Both groups used multivariate nonlinear spectral fittings to derive enrichment directly from the spectra without calibration samples. Following the enrichment and fuel fabrication stages of the NFC lies the energy generation stage, where heat is generated from the splitting of atoms, or nuclear fission, and is then converted into electrical power.…”

Section: Front End Of Nfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Kwapis,

Borrero,

Latty

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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The development of measurement methodologies to detect and monitor nuclear-relevant materials remains a consistent and significant interest across the nuclear energy, nonproliferation, safeguards, and forensics communities. Optical spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas is becoming an increasingly popular diagnostic technique to measure radiological and nuclear materials in the field without sample preparation, where current capabilities encompass the standoff, isotopically resolved and phase-identifiable (e.g., UO and UO[Formula: see text]) detection of elements across the periodic table. These methods rely on the process of laser ablation (LA), where a high-powered pulsed laser is used to excite a sample (solid, liquid, or gas) into a luminous microplasma that rapidly undergoes de-excitation through the emission of electromagnetic radiation, which serves as a spectroscopic fingerprint for that sample. This review focuses on LA plasmas and spectroscopy for nuclear applications, covering topics from the wide-area environmental sampling and atmospheric sensing of radionuclides to recent implementations of multivariate machine learning methods that work to enable the real-time analysis of spectrochemical measurements with an emphasis on fundamental research and development activities over the past two decades. Background on the physical breakdown mechanisms and interactions of matter with nanosecond and ultrafast laser pulses that lead to the generation of laser-produced microplasmas is provided, followed by a description of the transient spatiotemporal plasma conditions that control the behavior of spectroscopic signatures recorded by analytical methods in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. High-temperature chemical and thermodynamic processes governing reactive LA plasmas are also examined alongside investigations into the condensation pathways of the plasma, which are believed to serve as chemical surrogates for fallout particles formed in nuclear fireballs. Laser-supported absorption waves and laser-induced shockwaves that accompany LA plasmas are also discussed, which could provide insights into atmospheric ionization phenomena from strong shocks following nuclear detonations. Furthermore, the standoff detection of trace radioactive aerosols and fission gases is reviewed in the context of monitoring atmospheric radiation plumes and off-gas streams of molten salt reactors. Finally, concluding remarks will present future outlooks on the role of LA plasma spectroscopy in the nuclear community.

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Section: Front End Of Nfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Kwapis,

Borrero,

Latty

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Classification of gaseous UF₆ assay by femtosecond LIBS in the 424.4 nm spectral region using numerical HOGSVD-DTW features

Abstract: The standard uranium enrichment approach uses centrifuges to separate 235U [Uranium 235] and 238U [Uranium 238] in the gaseous form, UF6 [uranium hexafluoride]. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is gaining acceptance...

Cited by 1 publication

References 19 publications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

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Classification of gaseous UF6 assay by femtosecond LIBS in the 424.4 nm spectral region using numerical HOGSVD-DTW features

Abstract: The standard uranium enrichment approach uses centrifuges to separate 235U [Uranium 235] and 238U [Uranium 238] in the gaseous form, UF6 [uranium hexafluoride]. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is gaining acceptance...

Cited by 1 publication

References 19 publications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

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Classification of gaseous UF₆ assay by femtosecond LIBS in the 424.4 nm spectral region using numerical HOGSVD-DTW features