Classification of Hailstone Trajectories in a Hail Cloud over a Semi-Arid Region in China

Liu, Xiaoli; Min, Kyung‐Eun; Sang, Jianren; Ma, Simin

doi:10.1007/s00376-023-2156-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…When the terminal velocity of the hailstone becomes greater than the ascent velocity within the cumulonimbus cloud, or if it encounters downdrafts, it will fall to the ground, causing hail precipitation [34]. At this time, it was reported through trajectory analysis of numerical experiments that hail fell around the west or north side of the rising zone of cumulonimbus clouds [28,39,40]. It has been found optimal hail growth may dependent on complex hailstone pseudotrajectory with multiple ups and downs from numerical simulation [28], while a recent lab and numerical result only present a one-time up and down for a huge hailstone [29].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Hail Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hail: Mechanisms, Monitoring, Forecasting, Damages, Financial Compensation Systems, and Prevention

Kim,

Lee,

Lee

2023

Atmosphere

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Hail has long caused extensive damage and economic loss in places inhabited by humans. Climate change is expected to lead to different types of damage due to the geographic characteristics of each continent. Under changing environment, hail is becoming increasingly unstable and is causing damage that is difficult to repair, making it essential to study the occurrence of hail and hail-damage. Hail formation has been studied at the micro- and macrophysical scales as well as thermal and dynamical scales. Hail forms in various sizes, and the scale of damage varies with size. Hail precipitation occurs suddenly and is localized, making it is difficult to observe and predict. Nonetheless, techniques to measure and forecast hail precipitation are improving in accuracy. Hail-damage management and financial compensation systems are used to mitigate the severe economic losses caused by hail fallen in rural and urban areas. This review most comprehensively considers hail research, focusing on the mechanisms, observation and prediction methods, damage, social compensation systems for hail damage, and hail-disaster prevention, suggesting future study directions briefly.

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