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As the world continues to seek more sustainable energy management solutions, phase change materials (PCMs) are becoming an increasingly important shift in thermal energy storage (TES). From building energy management to solar energy storage, PCMs offer a more attractive and effective heat storage solution and help reduce energy consumption, increase energy efficiency, and lower carbon emissions. However, the scientific and technological issues with the current PCMs-based technologies, like low TES properties including low thermal conductivity, latent heat, thermal instability, degradation, and leakage of PCMs are the major drawbacks in their practical applications. In this article, the thermophysical properties of PCMs were critically overviewed along with the comparison of different strategies conventionally used for synthesizing PCMs such as impregnation and encapsulation. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on improvement in TES properties of PCMs is provided by including different dimensional nanomaterials and nondimensional materials along with strategic improvements in PCM-based thermal management systems. The current challenges in the field of PCM technology are also highlighted to further optimize their thermal storage properties, enhancement techniques, and cost-effective manufacturing methods. The discussion of the potential cost-saving, economically feasible, and environmental benefits of PCM-based energy storage systems is also conferred. Finally, future direction and recommendations in PCM advancement through hybridized advanced nanomaterials are provided, which help open new insight toward the design and modulation of highly thermally stabilized PCM-based thermal management systems.
As the world continues to seek more sustainable energy management solutions, phase change materials (PCMs) are becoming an increasingly important shift in thermal energy storage (TES). From building energy management to solar energy storage, PCMs offer a more attractive and effective heat storage solution and help reduce energy consumption, increase energy efficiency, and lower carbon emissions. However, the scientific and technological issues with the current PCMs-based technologies, like low TES properties including low thermal conductivity, latent heat, thermal instability, degradation, and leakage of PCMs are the major drawbacks in their practical applications. In this article, the thermophysical properties of PCMs were critically overviewed along with the comparison of different strategies conventionally used for synthesizing PCMs such as impregnation and encapsulation. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on improvement in TES properties of PCMs is provided by including different dimensional nanomaterials and nondimensional materials along with strategic improvements in PCM-based thermal management systems. The current challenges in the field of PCM technology are also highlighted to further optimize their thermal storage properties, enhancement techniques, and cost-effective manufacturing methods. The discussion of the potential cost-saving, economically feasible, and environmental benefits of PCM-based energy storage systems is also conferred. Finally, future direction and recommendations in PCM advancement through hybridized advanced nanomaterials are provided, which help open new insight toward the design and modulation of highly thermally stabilized PCM-based thermal management systems.
This study focuses on potential applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials in renewable energy research.
The application of phase change material (PCM) has shown great potential in the fabrication of PCM-integrated cloth (PCMIC) due to its numerous advantages, including latent heat storage, narrow temperature range, energy storage density, longevity, and compatibility with textile processing. PCMs can lessen the demand for mechanical heating and cooling systems, which can save energy and assist the environment towards sustainability. PCM-integrated cloth provides new opportunities to enhance thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and functionality across a range of applications. The advancement of PCMIC has shown promise in the past decade. This review covers the fundamentals, latest advancements, characterization methods, and advanced applications of PCMIC in detail. Progresses, challenges, and opportunities of versatile applications of PCMIC in space wear, medical textiles, sportswear, bedding, thermoregulating buildings, flame-retardant textiles, automotive textiles, and footwear are critically summarized. Space agencies like NASA, and ESA used PCM-based products for comfortable space exploration while surgical gauges, bandages, and other clinical products incorporated with PCM comfort much in patients. Moreover, sportswear brands like Nike and Adidas utilized PCM in their products for better wearability. Through an analysis of the foundations, current developments, and challenges, this thorough overview is a valuable resource for further innovation and progress in the field of PCM-integrated textiles.
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