The structure of coal seam fractures is the main physical property of coalbed methane reservoir evaluation, and the complex resistivity method is a potential geophysical evaluation method for coal seam fractures. In this study, cylindrical coal samples with axial directions perpendicular to the bedding, face cleat, and butt cleat were prepared. The complex electrical parameters of the loaded specimens were tested with test frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 10 kHz. The complex electrical response characteristics of the loaded coal are summarized, and the control mechanism of the main fracture system structure is analyzed. The results indicated that (1) as the loading pressure increased, the resistance R and the absolute values of reactance X(|X|) gradually decreased, especially in the frequency band where R slowly decreased and the characteristic frequency of X, the decreased amplitude was more significant, and the cutoff frequency of R and the characteristic frequency of X all gradually increased. (2) The complex electrical properties of coal show obvious anisotropic characteristics. Both R and |X| decreased sequentially according to the direction perpendicular to the bedding, face cleat, and butt cleat; the cutoff frequency of R and the characteristic frequency of X all increased sequentially. (3) The dispersion phenomenon of the complex electrical properties of coal is attributed to the induced polarization; the elevated loading stress enhances the polarization effects of the molecular-induced moments of the coal skeleton, and the anisotropic difference of the complex electrical properties is due to the difficulty in the degree of transport of charged particles induced by structural differences of the main fracture system. (4) The resistance R 3 and capacitance X c were selected as the complex electrically sensitive parameters of the loaded coal orthogonal fracture structures. A logarithmic inversion model reflecting the main fracture system structure of coal was constructed. This provides a certain theoretical basis for efficient electrical exploration of coal reservoir fracture structures.
