Classification of Testicular Tumors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti PD‐1 or anti PD‐L1) plus platinum‐etoposide versus platinum‐etoposide alone for first‐line treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer

“…The immunosuppressive pattern in the stroma, the limited PD-L1 expression and the lack of antigen presentation suggest that SCLC has a weak immunogenic T-cell profile, which may have negative impacts on the immune response (Carvajal-Hausdorf 2019;He 2017;Parra 2016;Remon 2021;. According to preclinical evidence, chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies may synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors by increasing the immunogenicity of cancer cells, suppressing immunosuppressive signaling pathways, and increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to CD8 T-cell-dependent immunosurveillance and rejection (Galluzzi 2015;Spigel 2013).…”

Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors for first- or second-line treatment of advanced gastric and gastro-esophageal junction cancer

“…According to preclinical studies, cytotoxic drugs and targeted therapies may synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors by increasing the immunogenicity of cancer cells and repressing immunosuppressive signaling pathways (Galluzzi 2015). This applies particularly to cisplatin and 5-FU, one of the most commonly used chemotherapy regimens for gastric cancer.…”