Classification of the quality of agarwood oils from Malaysia using Z-score technique

Ismail, Nurlaila; Rahiman, Mohd Hezri Fazalul; Taib, Mohd Nasir; Ali, Nor Azah Mohd; Jamil, Mailina; Tajuddin, Saıful Nizam

doi:10.1109/icsengt.2013.6650147

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In [130], the researchers proposed a Z-Score Averaging neural network (Z-NN) algorithm to reduce the ISI in rolling shutter based OCC system. The raw gray-scale values in R, G, B channels are processed by the Z-score averaging algorithm [131], and then fed into the FFNN, which has a hidden layer with four neurons and a sigmoid activation function output layer. The cross-entropy loss function is used to update the weight parameters.…”

Section: Machine Learning Applications For Indoor Visible Light Commu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Applications for Short Reach Optical Communication

et al. 2022

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With the rapid development of optical communication systems, more advanced techniques conventionally used in long-haul transmissions have gradually entered systems covering shorter distances below 100 km, where higher-speed connections are required in various applications, such as the optical access networks, inter- and intra-data center interconnects, mobile fronthaul, and in-building and indoor communications. One of the techniques that has attracted intensive interests in short-reach optical communications is machine learning (ML). Due to its robust problem-solving, decision-making, and pattern recognition capabilities, ML techniques have become an essential solution for many challenging aspects. In particular, taking advantage of their high accuracy, adaptability, and implementation efficiency, ML has been widely studied in short-reach optical communications for optical performance monitoring (OPM), modulation format identification (MFI), signal processing and in-building/indoor optical wireless communications. Compared with long-reach communications, the ML techniques used in short-reach communications have more stringent complexity and cost requirements, and also need to be more sensitive. In this paper, a comprehensive review of various ML methods and their applications in short-reach optical communications are presented and discussed, focusing on existing and potential advantages, limitations and prospective trends.

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Section: Machine Learning Applications For Indoor Visible Light Commu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Applications for Short Reach Optical Communication

et al. 2022

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“…The front detector heater was set at 250 °C with the hydrogen flow rate of 35 ml min -1 and air flow rate of 350 ml min -1 . The collected volatility profiles for both infected and healthy samples were compared with National Institute of Standards and Technology Spectral Librar y and standard commercial fragrance compounds (Ismail et al 2013, Ahmaed et al 2017. The data from Gas Chromatography-Flame Ion Detector were calculated to obtain the Kovats retention index for each identified compound.…”

Section: Comparison Of Chemical Profile Between Infected and Healthy A Malaccensis Using Gas Chromatography-flame Ion Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Chemical Analysis of Healthy and Infected Stems of Aquilaria Malaccensis

Aimi-Wahidah¹,

Mansor²,

Saiful-Nizam³

et al. 2021

JTFS

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Aquilaria genus is an important source of agarwood and is widely used as incense, perfumery and ingredients in traditional medicines. The study investigated the genes and pathways controlling the molecular mechanism of A. malaccensis agarwood under controlled environment. Two transcriptome libraries were sequenced from mRNAs of both healthy and infected stem samples of A. malaccensis using Illumina sequencing. Total of 10,734,590 and 8,298,918 reads for both infected stems libraries and 6,274,184 reads for healthy stem library were identified. A total of 370,707 unigenes were functionally annotated using the gene ontology analysis. Infected white stem recorded higher reading of unigenes distribution in process related to plant defence mechanism compared to healthy stem. The de novo assembly and the gene ontology annotation data suggested that the infected white stem involved in plant defence response and produced agarwood compound. This study provided promising and valuable sequence resources for future genomic studies from stem of A. malaccensis as well as in depth study on molecular mechanism of agarwood formation and plant related defence responses.

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“…To some extent, Z-scores has been used as one of the methods in indexing the subjects based on the Intelligent Quotient (IQ) level [13] via EEG spectral density. In another study, Z-scores has been employed in recognition of the significant chemical compounds of the agarwood oils [14] and the identification of the agarwood substance that contributes the oil's fragrance. Also, Z-scores normalization is one of the relevance method used in metasearch study.…”

Section: Cognitive Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Calmness Index Establishment Using Computational of Z-Score

Aris¹,

Bani²,

Muhtazaruddin³

et al. 2018

IJET

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A lot of useful information can be obtained through observation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal such as the human psychophysiology. It has been proven that EEG is handy in human diagnosis and tools to observe the brain condition. The study aims to establish a calmness index, which can differentiate the calmness level of an individual. Alpha waves were selected as the data features and computed into asymmetry index. The data features were clustered using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and resulted in three clusters. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was applied to determine the significance of the data features clustered by FCM. The Z-score obtained successfully distinguish three level of calmness index from the lower index until the higher index. With the advancement of signal processing techniques, the feature extractions for calmness index establishment computation is achievable.

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Classification of the quality of agarwood oils from Malaysia using Z-score technique

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Machine Learning Applications for Short Reach Optical Communication

Machine Learning Applications for Short Reach Optical Communication

Transcriptome and Chemical Analysis of Healthy and Infected Stems of Aquilaria Malaccensis

EEG Calmness Index Establishment Using Computational of Z-Score

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