Classification of Tsunami and Evacuation Areas

Shibayama, Tomoya; Esteban, Miguel; Nistor, Ioan; Takagi, Hiroshi; Thao, Nguyen Danh; Matsumaru, Ryo; Mikami, Takahito; Aránguiz, Rafael; Jayaratne, Ravindra; Ohira, Koichiro

doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0567-4

Cited by 80 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is important to note that the present geographical split is based on the 2011 tsunami, which is extremely rare [corresponding to a level 2 tsunami-one in a hundred years event or less frequent (Shibayama et al 2013)]. It is expected that smaller, more frequent tsunamis (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Empirical fragility analysis of building damage caused by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami in Ishinomaki city using ordinal regression, and influence of key geographical features

Charvet

Suppasri

Imamura

2014

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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Tsunamis are disastrous events typically causing loss of life, and extreme damage to the built environment, as shown by the recent disaster that struck the East coast of Japan in 2011. In order to quantitatively estimate damage in tsunami prone areas, some studies used a probabilistic approach and derived fragility functions. However, the models chosen do not provide a statistically sound representation of the data. This study applies advanced statistical methods in order to address these limitations. The area of study is the city of Ishinomaki in Japan, the worst affected area during the 2011 event and for which an extensive amount of detailed building damage data has been collected. Ishinomaki city displays a variety of geographical environments that would have significantly affected tsunami flow characteristics, namely a plain, a narrow coast backed up by high topography (terrain), and a river. The fragility analysis assesses the relative structural vulnerability between these areas, and reveals that the buildings surrounding the river were less likely to be damaged. The damage probabilities for the terrain area (with relatively higher flow depths and velocities) were lower or similar to the plain, which confirms the beneficial role of coastal protection. The model diagnostics show tsunami flow depth alone is a poor predictor of tsunami damage for reinforced concrete and steel structures, and for all structures other variables are influential and need to be taken into account in order to improve fragility estimations.In particular, evidence shows debris impact contributed to at least a significant amount of non-structural damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Empirical fragility analysis of building damage caused by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami in Ishinomaki city using ordinal regression, and influence of key geographical features

Charvet

Suppasri

Imamura

2014

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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“…Though developing countries often lack the resources to construct layer 1 "hard measures", spatial planning and evacuation systems do not necessarily require large investments and can prove highly effective against coastal disasters [1]. If adequately constructed, certain government buildings and other robust structures can survive even tsunamis of considerable height, and the building of such Evacuation Buildings should take place in all areas at risk by coastal hazards [11] It is thus clearly important for local authorities to establish effective layer 2 measures, were the inhabitants of an area do not "forget" past events and the construction of housing in areas that are at high risk is prevented. This can be established through adequate regulations and zoning control that prevents development in potentially hazardous areas.…”

Section: Resilience and Sustainability Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoon Haiyan 2013 Evacuation Preparations and Awareness

Esteban¹,

Valenzuela²,

Yun³

et al. 2015

J-SustaiN

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Category 5 Typhoon Haiyan (known as Yolanda in the Philippines) made landfall in the Philippines on the 8 th November 2013 at almost the peak of its power, devastating the islands of Leyte and Samar, amongst other places. The present paper analyses the degree of awareness and preparedness of the islands of Samar and Leyte in the Philippines against storm surges prior to the arrival of typhoon Haiyan. The analysis was based on field surveys and interviewed with a variety of local residents and officials conducted during field surveys in the months after the event. One of the key problems identified during the interviews was how people were not able to clearly conceptualize the concept of storm surge. Despite receiving storm surge warnings it appears that many residents and local authorities "under-estimated" the event and thought that they could evacuate at a later stage or during the storm itself. The results clearly highlight the need for better education and for development strategies in the region to focus on improving the resilience of local inhabitants.

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“…The 2011 event is currently considered a Level 2 tsunami, as it is believed to have a return period greater than 1 in 1000 years [4]. Essentially, following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, the Japanese coastal engineering community has classified tsunami events into two different levels, according to their level of severity and intensity [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overtopping of Coastal Structures by Tsunami Waves

Esteban

Glasbergen

Takabatake³

et al. 2017

Geosciences

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Abstract:Following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japanese tsunami protection guidelines stipulate that coastal defences should ensure that settlements are shielded from the coastal inundation that would result from Level 1 tsunami events (with return periods in the order of about 100 years). However, the overtopping mechanism and leeward inundation heights of tsunami bores as they hit coastal structures has received little attention in the past. To ascertain this phenomenon, the authors conducted physical experiments using a dam-break mechanism, which could generate bores that overtopped different types of structures. The results indicate that it is necessary to move away from only considering the tsunami inundation height at the beach, and also consider the bore velocity as it approaches the onshore area. The authors also prepared a simple, conservative method of estimating the inundation height after a structure of a given height, provided that the incident bore velocity and height are known.

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Classification of Tsunami and Evacuation Areas

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Empirical fragility analysis of building damage caused by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami in Ishinomaki city using ordinal regression, and influence of key geographical features

Empirical fragility analysis of building damage caused by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami in Ishinomaki city using ordinal regression, and influence of key geographical features

Typhoon Haiyan 2013 Evacuation Preparations and Awareness

Overtopping of Coastal Structures by Tsunami Waves

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