Clastic Dike

Hargitai, Henrik; Levi, T.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_99-1

Cited by 3 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2-4), all with NW-SE-directed slump axes, convolute bedding, ball-and-pillow and ame structures, and clastic dikes. Such structures in continental deposits are typical of seismites caused by large earthquakes 22,24,30 . The DREL that caps the seismite unit (Figs.…”

Section: Ries-related Seismitementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition to the seismite capped by distal Ries ejecta, we discovered large-scale clastic dikes rst described at the anks of the Tobel Oelhalde-Nord near Biberach 22 and at the Kleintobel near Ravensburg (this study). Those clastic dikes are earthquake-produced structures 22,24,32 that crosscut the Ries-related seismite, ejecta (the DREL), and undisturbed post-Ries deposits and, hence, clearly postdate the Ries impact event and earthquake. A horizon of distal Ries ejecta associated with smaller clastic dikes is also known from Bernhardzell, Switzerland 35 .…”

Section: Clastic Dikesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another effect of large asteroid impacts are intense earthquakes 18,19,21,24,26,57 . The giant Chicxulub impact generated a seismic pulse roughly equivalent to a Richter (local) magnitude (M L ) 9.9 earthquake 18,19,57 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impact-triggered earthquakes produce seismites in extensive volumes of sediment that are in many ways similar to seismites generated by tectonically-induced earthquakes. Impacting asteroids can produce clastic dikes proximal to the impact structures 22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30]32 and may also cause soft-sediment deformation by liquefaction at greater distances from ground zero 22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30]32 . Although the Ries and Steinheim impact events would have triggered signi cant earthquakes, there is only emerging evidence for palaeoearthquakes in the surroundings of the two impact structures in the form of seismites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ries-Steinheim crater pair and two major earthquakes – New discoveries challenging the double-impact theory

Buchner

Sach²,

Schmieder³

2020

Preprint

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The Nördlinger Ries and the Steinheim Basin are widely perceived as a Middle Miocene impact crater doublet. We discovered two independent earthquake-produced seismite horizons in North Alpine Foreland Basin deposits. The older seismite horizon,associated with the Ries impact is overlain by in situ-preserved distal impact ejecta, forming a unique continental seismite-ejecta couplet within a distance up to 180 km from the crater. The younger seismite unit, also triggered by a major palaeo-earthquake, comprises clastic dikes that cut through the Ries seismite-ejecta couplet. The clastic dikes were likely formed in response to the Steinheim impact, some kyr after the Ries impact, in line with paleontologic results. With the Ries and Steinheim impacts as two separate events, Southern Germany witnessed a double disaster in the Middle Miocene. The magnitude–distance relationship of seismite formation during large earthquakes suggests the seismic and destructive potential of impact-earthquakes may be significantly underestimated.

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Section: Ries-related Seismitementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Clastic Dikesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Ries-Steinheim crater pair and two major earthquakes – New discoveries challenging the double-impact theory

Buchner

Sach²,

Schmieder³

2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…As shown in Table 1, most applications of SfM-MVS are dedicated to extraction of geometrical properties of discontinuities, mostly faults and fractures, which are simple structures. An example of a complex structure that can take advantage of the use of SfM-MVS are clastic dikes, which are discordant subvertical sheets, tabular bodies of clastic sediments that can form by hydraulic fracturing and infilling (Hargitai & Levi 2014). Even for traditional field survey, the analysis of such structures can be challenging and, to date, no work has presented it through the use of 3D models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of clastic dikes using Structure from Motion - Multi-View Stereo: a case-study in the Paraná Basin, southeastern Brazil

et al. 2018

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This work presents the development of a three-dimensional (3D) model of an outcrop of the Corumbataí Formation (Permian, Paraná Basin, Brazil) using Structure from Motion -Multi-View Stereo (SfM-MVS) technique in order to provide a structural analysis of clastic dikes cutting through siltstone layers. While traditional photogrammetry requires the user to input a series of parameters related to the camera orientation and its characteristics (such as focal distance), in SfM-MVS the scene geometry, camera position and orientations are automatically determined by a bundle adjustment, an iterative procedure based on a set of overlapping images. It is considered a low-cost technique in terms of hardware and software, also being able to provide point density and accuracy on par to the ones obtained withTerrestrial Laser Scanning. The results acquired on this research have good agreement with previous works, yielding a NNW main orientation for the dikes measured in the field and on the 3D model. The development of this work showed that SfM-MVS use and practice on geosciences still needs more studies on the optimization of the involved parameters (such as camera orientation, image overlap and angle of illumination), which, when accomplished, will result in less processing time and more accurate models.

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New discovery of two seismite horizons challenges the Ries–Steinheim double-impact theory

Buchner

Sach²,

Schmieder

2020

Sci Rep

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The Nördlinger Ries and the Steinheim Basin are widely perceived as a Middle Miocene impact crater doublet. We discovered two independent earthquake-produced seismite horizons in North Alpine Foreland Basin deposits potentially related to both impacts. The older seismite horizon, demonstrated to be associated with the Ries impact, is overlain by distal impact ejecta in situ, forming a unique continental seismite-ejecta couplet within a distance of up to 180 km from the crater. The younger seismite unit, also produced by a major palaeo-earthquake, comprises clastic dikes that cut through the Ries seismite-ejecta couplet. The clastic dikes may have formed in response to the Steinheim impact, some kyr after the Ries impact, in line with paleontologic results that indicate a time gap of about 0.5 Myr between the Ries and Steinheim events. This interpretation suggests the Ries and Steinheim impacts represent two temporally separate events in Southern Germany that, thus, witnessed a double disaster in the Middle Miocene. The magnitude–distance relationship of seismite formation during large earthquakes suggests the seismic and destructive potential of impact-induced earthquakes may be underestimated.

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Clastic Dike

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

The Ries-Steinheim crater pair and two major earthquakes – New discoveries challenging the double-impact theory

The Ries-Steinheim crater pair and two major earthquakes – New discoveries challenging the double-impact theory

Structural analysis of clastic dikes using Structure from Motion - Multi-View Stereo: a case-study in the Paraná Basin, southeastern Brazil

New discovery of two seismite horizons challenges the Ries–Steinheim double-impact theory

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