Clastogenic Factors as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Hepatitis C

Emerit, I; Serejo, Fátima; Filipe, Paulo; Youssefi, Amina Alaoui; Fernandes, Afonso; Costa, A. Pinto da; Freitas, João; Ramalho, F.; Baptista, António M.; Moura, Miguel Carneiro de

doi:10.1159/000007814

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A similar increase in 8-oxoG and lipid peroxidation products was observed in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [55, 63, 64], and of some markers, such as 8-isoprostane, even in the urine [65]. Sera of CHC patients also exhibit an increased level of clastogenic factors [53, 54]. Due to this, DNA of leukocytes from chronic hepatitis C virus carriers contains up to 20 times more apurine/apyrimidine sites than DNA of healthy individuals [66].…”

Section: Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Levels of oxygen radicals, as quantified by EPR, correlate with histological disease activity [45]. For example, serum MDA or urine 8-isoprostane levels correlate with the stage of fibrosis [53, 54, 65]. Various oxidative stress markers positively correlate with the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), indicative of liver damage [47].…”

Section: Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis

et al. 2016

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Virally induced liver cancer usually evolves over long periods of time in the context of a strongly oxidative microenvironment, characterized by chronic liver inflammation and regeneration processes. They ultimately lead to oncogenic mutations in many cellular signaling cascades that drive cell growth and proliferation. Oxidative stress, induced by hepatitis viruses, therefore is one of the factors that drives the neoplastic transformation process in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge on oxidative stress and oxidative stress responses induced by human hepatitis B and C viruses. It focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which these viruses activate cellular enzymes/systems that generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control cellular redox homeostasis. The impact of an altered cellular redox homeostasis on the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection, as well as on the course and outcome of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis will be discussed The review neither discusses reactive nitrogen species, although their metabolism is interferes with that of ROS, nor antioxidants as potential therapeutic remedies against viral infections, both subjects meriting an independent review.

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Section: Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis

et al. 2016

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“…Clastogenic activity in the plasma was a regular finding in patients with chronic inflammation of the liver (Emerit et al 2000; Serejo et al 2005). Among 40 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 37 were positive for CF, mean ACS 9.8 ± 4.4.…”

Section: Results Obtained With the Cf-testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clastogenic Factors as Potential Biomarkers of Increased Superoxide Production

Emerit

2007

Biomark�Insights

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The formation of clastogenic factors (CF) and their damaging effects are mediated by superoxide, since superoxide dismutase is regularly protective. CF are produced via superoxide and stimulate the production of superoxide by monocytes and neutrophils. This results in a selfsustaining and longlasting process of clastogenesis, which may exceed the DNA repair system and ultimately lead to cancer (Emerit, 1994). An increased cancer risk is indeed observed in conditions accompanied by CF formation. These include irradiated persons, patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, HIV-infected persons and the chromosomal breakage syndromes ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom’s syndrome and Fanconi’s anemia. Biochemical analysis has identified lipid peroxidation products, arachidonic acid metabolites, nucleotides of inosine and cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor alpha, as the clastogenic and also superoxide stimulating components of CF. Due to their chromosome damaging effects, these oxidants can be detected with classical cytogenetic techniques. Their synergistic action renders the CF-test particularly sensitive for the detection of a pro-oxidant state. Correlations were observed between CF and other biomarkers of oxidative stress such as decreases in total plasma thiols or increases in TBARS or chemiluminescence. Correlations between CF and disease activity, between CF and radiation exposure, suggest the study of CF for monitoring these conditions. CF may also be useful as biochemical markers and intermediate endpoints for the evaluation of promising antioxidant drugs.CF formation represents a link between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Prophylactic use of superoxide scavengers as anticarcinogens is therefore suggested.

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“…In 11 of the 15 patients (who received 6 g food powder three times daily for three months) liver enzymes were decreased and the viral load remained unchanged, compared to placebo (15 patients who received an herbal extract with no antioxidant). After three months of treatment a sustained response was observed in 5 of 9 antioxidant-pretreated patients when they received interferon and ribavirin treatment even six months after discontinuation of the 12-month antioxidant therapy [134].…”

Section: Experimental Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnomedicinal Antivirals: Scope and Opportunity

Chattopadhyay

2006

Modern Phytomedicine

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Viral diseases, including emerging, reemerging, and chronic infections, are an increasing health concern throughout the world. As a consequence, the development of new antivirals from plants, particularly from ethnomedicinal practices, has assumed more urgency today. Ethnomedicines provide a diverse range of natural products with antimicrobial and immunomodulating potential. A wide variety of active phytochemicals such as alkaloids, coumarins, essential oils, flavonoids, phytosterols, polysaccharides, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, proteins, and peptides from hundreds of plants, culinary herbs, spices and teas have complementary and overlapping mechanisms of action, including inhibition of viral reproduction or genome formation. Immune-related conditions with a high unmet clinical need still exist, along with the problem of increasing antiviral resistance in many viral infections. The ethnomedicinal phytochemicals might be able to provide an alternative to the costly antivirals and immunotherapeutics.Assay methods to determine in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity are needed to link antiviral efficacy or potency and laboratory-based research. The relative success achieved in the last two decades with such plant extracts which are capable of acting therapeutically in various viral infections, has raised optimism about the future of phytoantiviral agents. This chapter reviews some potentially useful ethnomedicinal plants and compounds, evaluated and exploited for therapeutic applications against genetically and functionally diverse virus families including Retroviridae, Hepadnaviridae, and Herpesviridae causing sexually transmitted viral infections. 15.1

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Clastogenic Factors as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Hepatitis C

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis

Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis

Clastogenic Factors as Potential Biomarkers of Increased Superoxide Production

Ethnomedicinal Antivirals: Scope and Opportunity

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