Claude Bernard and the Discovery of Glycogen

Young, F. G.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5033.1431

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The discovery of liver glycogen in 1857 is attributed to Claude Bernard (reviewed in [4]). A century and a half later, several of his original tenets are still accepted and study of glycogen metabolism in the second half of the 20th Century introduced a series of novel biochemical concepts, now engrained in current thinking about biological regulation, and resulted directly in the award of four Nobel Prizes (Carl and Gerty Cori in 1947, Louis Leloir in 1970, Earl Sutherland in 1971, and Edwin Krebs and Edmond Fischer in 1992; see http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes

Roach

DePaoli‐Roach

Hurley

et al. 2012

Biochemical Journal

573

571

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Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that acts as a store of energy in times of nutritional sufficiency for utilization in times of need. Its metabolism has been the subject of extensive investigation and much is known about its regulation by hormones such as insulin, glucagon and adrenaline (epinephrine). There has been debate over the relative importance of allosteric compared with covalent control of the key biosynthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase, as well as the relative importance of glucose entry into cells compared with glycogen synthase regulation in determining glycogen accumulation. Significant new developments in eukaryotic glycogen metabolism over the last decade or so include: (i) three-dimensional structures of the biosynthetic enzymes glycogenin and glycogen synthase, with associated implications for mechanism and control; (ii) analyses of several genetically engineered mice with altered glycogen metabolism that shed light on the mechanism of control; (iii) greater appreciation of the spatial aspects of glycogen metabolism, including more focus on the lysosomal degradation of glycogen; and (iv) glycogen phosphorylation and advances in the study of Lafora disease, which is emerging as a glycogen storage disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes

Roach

DePaoli‐Roach

Hurley

et al. 2012

Biochemical Journal

573

571

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“…Glycogen is a branched polymer that serves as the major storage form of glucose in fungi and mammals[1]. The branched structure of glycogen permits rapid mobilization of glucose when needed, making it an ideal source of energy for short-term metabolic demands[2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and purification of functional human glycogen synthase-1 (hGYS1) in insect cells

Khanna

Imasaki

Chikwana

et al. 2013

Protein Expression and Purification

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SUMMARY We have successfully expressed and purified active human glycogen synthase-1 (hGYS1). Successful production of the recombinant hGYS1 protein was achieved by co-expression of hGYS1 and rabbit glycogenin (rGYG1) using the MultiBac baculovirus expression system (BEVS). Functional measurements of activity ratios of hGYS1 in the absence and presence of glucose-6-phosphate and treatment with phosphatase indicate that the expressed protein is heavily phosphorylated. We used mass spectrometry to further characterize the sites of phosphorylation, which include most of the known regulatory phosphorylation sites, as well as several sites unique to the insect cell over-expression. Obtaining large quantities of functional hGYS1 will be invaluable for future structural studies as well as detailed studies on the effects on specific sites of phosphorylation.

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“…Perhaps an interesting sidelight is that after Bernard was appointed the chair of physiology at the Sorbonne he had an interview with Louis Napoleon. 22 Saturni most likely refers to an extract of lead. Decoction of bark means boiling the bark to extract substances to be used in the treatment.…”

Section: Claude Bernardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I do not believe that they were active ingredients. In a paper communicated to the Société de Biologie in Paris on March 21, 1857, Barnard described this starchlike substance isolated from the liver (22). 19 Hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate.…”

Section: Claude Bernardmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Early History of Diabetes Mellitus

Dods¹

2013

Understanding Diabetes

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Claude Bernard and the Discovery of Glycogen

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes

Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes

Expression and purification of functional human glycogen synthase-1 (hGYS1) in insect cells

An Early History of Diabetes Mellitus

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