CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase CsCLAVATA1 is a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber

Abstract

Dwarf mutations have played vital roles in elucidating the regulatory molecular mechanisms of plant height. In this study, we identified a mutant named Csdw, whose mutagenesis was induced by ethyl methyl sulfonate in cucumber, and this mutant exhibited a dwarf phenotype with a reduced internode length because of the reduction of cell division in the main stem. The dwarf phenotype of Csdw could be partially rescued through GA application, and endogenous GA levels from the stem of Csdw decreased distinctly. Genetic analysis showed that Csdw was attributed to a recessive gene. The MutMap and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping results revealed that Csa3G872760 (CsCLAVATA1), encoding a CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase, was a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber. The expression of CsCLAVATA1 in the stem of Csdw was lower than that of wild-type plants. Therefore, CsCLAVATA1 could regulate the dwarf phenotype in cucumber.

A mutation in the intron splice acceptor site of a GA3ox gene confers dwarf architecture in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)

“…For example, the average cell size of the cucumber dwarf mutant scp2 was significantly smaller than that of wild type plants 57 . The cucumber Csdw mutant showed dwarfing phenotype and decreased internode length due to the reduced cell division in main stem 58 . The rice stemless dwarf 1 (std1) mutant showed severe dwarfing phenotype, abnormal cell morphology and reduced cell division rate 59 .…”

“…Genetic mapping and identification of dwarfism genes have occurred in cucurbits, such as scp-2 57 , Csdw 58 , cp 60 and scp-1 61 in cucumber; mdw1 62 in melon; and qCmB2 63 in pumpkin. In watermelon, the genes of dsh 37 , Cldf 38 , dw 39 and Cldw-1 40 , conferring dwarf phenotypes, were studied and identified.…”

“…The rescue of the dwarf phenotype has been reported in GA-deficient mutants in plants. For instance, the application of GA 3 could partially rescue the dwarf phenotype of the cucumber mutant Csdw 58 . In watermelon, the dwarf phenotypes of Cldf and dw could be rescued by exogenous GA 3 application 38,39 .…”

How plants grow up

“…Impaired expression or function of other LRR‐like kinase receptors such as BARELY ANY MERISTEMs (BAMs) and ERECTA(ER)/ERL, can enhance clv fasciation and dwarfism in Arabidopsis (Yokoyama et al ; DeYoung and Clark ), although the function of their grass orthologues are unknown. Arabidopsis fea3 mutants are short and fasciated, while clv1 mutants in Arabidopsis ( clv1 , Leyser and Furner ), maize ( td1 , Bommert et al ), rice ( floral organ number1 , Moon et al ) and cucumber ( Csclv1 , Xu et al ) are dwarf; however, neither Arabidopsis clv3 , clv2 or maize fea3 mutants display altered plant height (Clark et al ; Je et al ). Fine‐tuning of receptor complexes via their spatiotemporal levels and interacting partners may integrate diverse peptide signals (Janocha and Lohmann ), which possibly explains the severe phenotypes of certain LRR mutants.…”

“…, maize(td1, Bommert et al 2005), rice (floral organ number1,Moon et al 2006) and cucumber (Csclv1,Xu et al 2018) are dwarf; however, neither Arabidopsis clv3, clv2 or maize fea3 mutants display altered plant height(Clark et al 1995;. Fine-tuning of receptor complexes via their spatiotemporal levels and interacting partners may integrate diverse peptide signals (Janocha and Lohmann 2018), which possibly explains the severe phenotypes of certain LRR mutants.…”