Clay minerals affect calcium (magnesium) carbonate precipitation and aging

Molnár, Zsombor; Pekker, Péter; Dódony, István; Pósfai, Mihály

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116971

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies of carbonate morphologies and growth in soils have shown a dependence on matrix composition and texture and, particularly, the amount of clay in the environment . It also has been shown that the presence of specific clays, such as montmorillonite and other smectites, can affect the nucleation, growth, and even the specific phase of CaCO 3 that precipitates. − It is possible that similar effects occur in basalts with different textures and compositions, especially given the abundance of clay mineral-like chlorophaeite from prior alteration, which varies, sometimes significantly, from sample to sample (and also within the same samples) (Figure S14). It has also been shown in lab experiments that cation substitution varied between different basalts (i.e., Deccan flood basalt and CRBG) and that some samples also had distinct chemical boundaries; some had none at all, and others had gradual compositional changes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Scale Microenvironments Control Anthropogenic Carbon Mineralization Outcomes in Basalt

Depp

Miller

Crum

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thin sections and hand samples from 50 sidewall cores from the Wallula Basalt Pilot Demonstration, a basaltic carbon sequestration demonstration, provided the opportunity for the in-depth analysis of carbon mineralization induced by the injection of supercritical CO2. In this study, we used optical petrography and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the physical and chemical characteristics of the basalt components influenced by carbon mineralization reactions from all available hand samples and thin sections within the three CO2 injection zones and caprock flow interiors. We found extensive carbonate mineralization, mostly in the form of nodules that were shown to be chemically zoned: Ca-dominant in the core regions and Ca-bearing Fe-dominant in the outer regions. Carbonate mineralization also took the form of fracture-filling carbonate cement, and acicular aragonite was also observed. Overall, we clarified the structural and paragenetic relationships between newly formed minerals, identifying a new fibro-palagonite-like, poorly crystalline silicate phase that grew on the carbonate nodules and pore-lining zeolites. We observed Fe-dominant carbonate precipitates surrounding acicular aragonite and rhombohedral Ca-carbonate cores, whereas previous studies of these zoned nodules did not observe these structures. A comprehensive accounting of the carbon mineralization products is vital to understand and predict the behavior of supercritical CO2 in the subsurface given both the diversity of the host rock between and within injection zones, especially considering that the morphology and chemistry of the diverse precipitates are influenced by the pore-scale microenvironments of the basalt.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Scale Microenvironments Control Anthropogenic Carbon Mineralization Outcomes in Basalt

Depp

Miller

Crum

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such coupled interfacial dissolution-reprecipitation phenomena have been Frontiers in Earth Science frontiersin.org recognized as important in forming Mg-rich phases on carbonate surfaces (Ruiz-Agudo et al, 2014), and could also have resulted in the observed Mg-rich zones in particles from Lake Balaton. In our previous studies on carbonates from Lake Balaton (Nyirő-Kósa et al, 2018) and on their model systems (Fodor et al, 2020;Molnár et al, 2021) we identified the important role of smectite clay in the nucleation and growth of Mg-bearing calcite and protodolomite. The clay mineral was shown to serve as a suitable surface for the nucleation of Mg-bearing calcite.…”

Section: Formation and Properties Of Authigenic Carbonatesmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Indeed, whiting events in the lake appear to produce calcite instantaneously (Pósfai, 2020). In contrast, in laboratory experiments designed to simulate Lake Balaton conditions (including water chemistry, temperature, pH, and the presence of smectite), aragonite was the first carbonate phase to precipitate, and composite particles of protodolomite and Mgbearing calcite appeared only after a few months of aging (Molnár et al, 2021). It is possible that factors absent from our laboratory setup accelerate the precipitation of calcite-type, Mg-rich carbonates in the lake.…”

Section: Formation and Properties Of Authigenic Carbonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of carbonate sediment accumulation in a large, shallow lake

Rostási¹,

Rácz

Fodor

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since carbonate formation is an important process linking inorganic and biological components of freshwater ecosystems, we characterized the formation of modern carbonate sediments in a large, shallow, calcareous lake (Lake Balaton in Hungary). We measured the amount of allochtonous mineral particles delivered to the lake by tributaries and through the atmosphere over a 2-year period, and estimated the mass of carbonate minerals that precipitated from lakewater. Chemical and structural features of mineral particles from various sources were also studied. Both the mineralogical character and the amount of particles delivered by streams and through the atmosphere were similar, and formed a minor fraction of the annual sediment increment (∼5%–6% by mass). Since the watercourses feeding the lake had high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− (with a Mg/Ca mol ratio ranging from 1 to 4), Mg-bearing calcite (with 2–17 mol% MgCO3) was found to continually precipitate in the lake. According to X-ray powder diffraction measurements, the Mg content of calcite increased from West to East, in parallel with changes in water chemistry. Dolomite was detected as a minor phase, and in the eastern part of the lake it typically produced a split 104 peak in X-ray diffractograms, suggesting two distinct sources: stoichiometric dolomite was allochtonous, whereas a Ca-rich protodolomite fraction formed in the lake. Mg-bearing calcite precipitating in the lake was found by far the largest contributor to sediment formation, with an estimated annual accumulation of about 0.75–0.9 mm consolidated sediment; thus, ∼89% of the currently forming sediment consists of autochtonous carbonate. In addition to providing new estimates for the rates of accumulation of distinct sediment fractions, our results also provide a baseline for further studies on the retention and release of nutrients by sediment minerals.

show abstract

“…E.g., it is a common laboratory routine to 'seed' water with solid carbonates for the initiation of carbonate precipitation (Wurgaft et al, 2021;Morse et al, 2003;DeBoer, 1977). The abundance of suitable surfaces allow carbonate formation and alkalinity loss at lower bulk water saturation levels than used to artificially precipitate carbonates from filtered seawater as shown by Wurgaft et al (2021) and supported by results from Molnár et al (2021), and experiment III (addition of precipitates from previous experiments). In addition, biotic processes may support carbonate formation at the small scale, via photosynthesis, modulating the local carbonate system via uptake of inorganic carbon (Wolf-Gladrow and Riebesell, 1997).…”

Section: Loss Of Alkalinity Carbonate Formation Temporal Stability An...mentioning

confidence: 76%

Stability of alkalinity in Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) approaches – consequences for durability of CO₂ storage

Hartmann

Suitner

Lim

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. According to modelling studies, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is one of the proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches with large potential, and the beneficial side effect of counteracting ocean acidification. The real-world application of OAE, however, remains unclear as most basic assumptions are untested. Before large-scale deployment can be considered, safe and sustainable procedures for the addition of alkalinity to seawater must be identified and governance established. One of the concerns is the stability of alkalinity when added to seawater. Seawater is already supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate minerals, and an increase in total alkalinity together with a corresponding shift in carbonate chemistry towards higher carbonate ion concentrations would result in further increase in supersaturation, and potentially to solid carbonate precipitation. Precipitation of carbonate minerals consumes alkalinity and increases dissolved CO2 in seawater, thereby reducing the efficiency of OAE for CO2 removal. In order to address the application of alkaline solution as well as fine particulate alkaline solids, a set of six experiments was performed using natural seawater with alkalinity of around 2,400 μmol/kgw. The application of CO2-equilibrated alkaline solution bears the lowest risk of losing alkalinity due to carbonate formation if added total alkalinity (ΔTA) is less than 2,400 μmol/kgw. The addition of reactive alkaline solids can cause a net loss of alkalinity if ΔTA > 600 μmol/kgw (e.g., for Mg(OH)2). Commercially available Ca(OH)2 causes in general a net loss in TA for the tested amounts of TA addition, which has consequences for suggested use of slurries supplied from ships. The application of excessive amounts of Ca(OH)2, exceeding a threshold for alkalinity loss, resulted in a massive increase in TA (> 20,000 μmol/kgw) at the cost of lower efficiency and resultant high pH values > 9.5. Our results indicate that using an alkaline solution instead of reactive alkaline particles can avoid carbonate formation, unless alkalinity addition shifts the system beyond critical supersaturation levels. To avoid the loss of alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from seawater, the application of reactor techniques can be considered. These techniques produce an equilibrated solution from alkaline solids and CO2 prior to application. Differing behaviours of tested materials suggest that standardized engineered materials for OAE need to be developed to achieve safe and sustainable OAE with solids, if reactors technologies should be avoided.

show abstract

Clay minerals affect calcium (magnesium) carbonate precipitation and aging

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Pore-Scale Microenvironments Control Anthropogenic Carbon Mineralization Outcomes in Basalt

Pore-Scale Microenvironments Control Anthropogenic Carbon Mineralization Outcomes in Basalt

Pathways of carbonate sediment accumulation in a large, shallow lake

Stability of alkalinity in Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) approaches – consequences for durability of CO₂ storage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Clay minerals affect calcium (magnesium) carbonate precipitation and aging

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Pore-Scale Microenvironments Control Anthropogenic Carbon Mineralization Outcomes in Basalt

Pore-Scale Microenvironments Control Anthropogenic Carbon Mineralization Outcomes in Basalt

Pathways of carbonate sediment accumulation in a large, shallow lake

Stability of alkalinity in Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) approaches – consequences for durability of CO2 storage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Stability of alkalinity in Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) approaches – consequences for durability of CO₂ storage