Clay Minerals and Clay Mineral Water Dispersions — Properties and Applications

Abstract

This chapter deals with the properties and applications oλ clay mineral water dispersions and clay minerals as λlame retardant additives λor polymers. Clay minerals, such as kaolinites, micas, and smectites, are the basic constituents oλ clay raw materials, which are classically employed in the ceramic industry to produce porcelain, λine ceramics, coarse ceramics, cements, electro-ceramics, tiles and reλractories. These products are mainly used in sectors oλ economic importance, such as aμriculture, civil enμineerinμ, and environment. " direct method to prepare clay mineral polymer composites is throuμh dispersion in water. Water dispersions oλ clay exhibit some interestinμ λlow phenomena such as yield stress i.e., the material behaves as a solid until a critical λorce applied on the material λorces it to λlow. Water dispersions oλ clay have also been reported to be used to prepare materials with enhanced λlame-retardant properties such as leather. On the other hand, direct melt compoundinμ oλ clay mineral with diλλerent polymers as the composite matrix HIPS, PP, and HDPE to prepare a number oλ polymer composites with λlame-retardant properties has also been reported.

Optimisation of Rheological Properties of Water-Based Mud (WBM) with Natural Additives by Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

“…The rheological properties of muds can also be modified by adding other additives into the continuous phase. Various additives are primarily used in oil and gas drilling, including active solid as a viscosifier, weighting agents to increase the weight of drilling fluid, deflocculant as a thinner, fluid loss to combat fluid loss and pH control [13]- [15]. Over the past few years, environmentally friendly and cost-effective additives have gained the attention of researchers and industry practitioners [16], [17].…”