Clay minerals and their paleoenvironmental interpretation in the Baoji loess section, Southern Loess Plateau, China

Kalm, Volli; Rutter, Nat; Rokosh, C.D.

doi:10.1016/0341-8162(96)00008-2

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, chemical weathering of the Chinese Loess Plateau was so weak that it only leached soluble elements such as Ca and Na (Chen et al, 1997). Mineralogical studies also showed clay minerals of the Quaternary were of clastic origin in the Chinese Loess Plateau (Ji et al, 1999;Gylesjö and Arnold, 2006;Kalm et al, 1996). Only tiny silicates were chemically weathered in paleosol S 5 which had the highest pedogenic intensity among the Quaternary paleosols (Han et al, 1998).…”

Section: Influences On Strontium Isotopic Variations Of Calcitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Mineralogical and geochemical studies showed that chemical weathering was very weak, so that it only resulted in carbonate dissolution without appreciably altering silicate minerals in the Chinese Loess Plateau (Chen et al, 1998;Han et al, 1998;Ji et al, 1999;Kalm et al, 1996;Liu et al, 2002;Xie et al, 2005). However, chemical weathering of the Chinese Loess Plateau has not been quantified using Sr isotope methodologies.…”

Section: Quantifying Sr Contribution Of Eolian Silicate Weathering Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strontium isotopic and elemental characteristics of calcites in the eolian dust profile of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma

et al. 2008

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Strontium isotopic ratios, calcium and strontium contents of calcites in the eolian dust profile during the last 7 Ma at Lingtai were systematically studied. 87 Like Ca contents, Ca/Sr ratios in the Tertiary red clay are close to those in the Quaternary loess. Elemental ratios and contents have different variations from the Sr isotopic ratios of calcites in the Lingtai profile, implying that isotopic ratios were better proxies for climate change than elemental ratios and contents. Primary carbonate and silicate comprised two endmembers determining the range of the Sr isotopic ratios of calcites, and chemical weathering was an inner driver to induce strontium isotopic variations of calcites in the eolian dust profile. Our isotope data indicate that chemical weathering was strongest in the Tertiary red clay, the second in the Quaternary paleosols, and weakest in the Quaternary loess. Strontium isotopic variations of calcites are in a good agreement with pedogenic characteristics in the Lingtai profile, broadly consistent with a proxy of the summer monsoon-Fe 2 O 3 (f)/Fe 2 O 3 (t) ratios, and correlate with variations of Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ ratios in the Lingtai profile and the dust flux in ODP885/886 during the late Cenozoic. Strontium isotopic variations of calcites are different from the magnetic susceptibility records in the Lingtai profile, further demonstrating that magnetic susceptibility of the Tertiary red clay could not reliably indicate the Tertiary summer monsoon.As a result, strontium isotopic characteristics of calcites in the Lingtai profile indicate that the Quaternary summer monsoon had a glacial-interglacial alternation and weakened with large-amplitude oscillations since 0.5 Ma B.P., and also reveal that the Tertiary summer monsoon was more stable and overall stronger than the Quaternary, nevertheless, similar climates to those in the Tertiary probably occurred during a few paleosol developments of the Quaternary.

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Section: Influences On Strontium Isotopic Variations Of Calcitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Quantifying Sr Contribution Of Eolian Silicate Weathering Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium isotopic and elemental characteristics of calcites in the eolian dust profile of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma

et al. 2008

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“…Clay mineral assemblage of the Quaternary loess is mainly composed of illite, with few smectite (<10%) [57,58]. As a consequence, the Asian dust comprising mostly the loess could not be the main source of clay minerals at Core KX21-2.…”

Section: Provenance Of Clay Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late quaternary glacial cycle and precessional period of clay mineral assemblages in the western pacific warm pool

Liu

Zhou

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Variability of clay mineral assemblages in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) over the past 370 ka shows the prominent glacial-interglacial cyclicity. Smectite (62%-91%) is the dominant clay mineral, with decreased contents during interglacials while increased in glacials. In contrast, variations in chlorite (4%-21%), illite (4%-12%), and kaolinite (2%-10%) share a similar pattern with higher contents during interglacials than glacials, mirroring to that of smectite. The results indicate that the smectite-dominated clay minerals derive mainly from the river detrital inputs of New Guinea. The glacial-interglacial cycle of clay mineral assemblages well correspond to the fluctuation of sea level. When the sea level was low, the river materials can travel more easily across the narrow shelf off the island of New Guinea, inject directly into the subsurface currents flowing westwards, then merge into the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), and eventually deposit on the central part of WPWP. Precessional periods of the smectite content indicate the intensity of mechanical erosion in its provenance of New Guinea, responding to the river runoff and precipitation, and this could also be linked to the meridional migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

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“…(Wen, 1989;Eden et al, 1994;Kalm et al, 1996). The points where the dashed lines from the left corner intersect the right axis (for Si) show mass ratios for Si/Al of 2.07 and 1.04 (correspondingly, SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratios are 4 and 2), respectively.…”

Section: Particle Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microanalysis of Dust Deposition inside Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Museum

Cao

Lee

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Indoor dust deposition, including long-term (>10 years) deposition, short-term (~0.5 year) deposition, and pigment flake samples from partially restored warriors were collected in Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Morphological and elemental analyses of individual particles were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry to investigate their composition and potential to damage the statues. Most of the indoor dust was composed of clay minerals, fly ash, and biogenic particles. Particles in 51.5% of the short-term deposition, and 49.5% of the long-term deposition contained elemental sulfur. Particles which contained sulfur were mostly associated with calcium sulfate in an internally mixed state with clay or quartz. Crystals of calcium sulfate were also found near interconnected pits and cracks on the outer surface of pigment flakes, revealing an acidic chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and pigment material or deposited particles as the cause of pits and cracks on the statues' faces.

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Clay minerals and their paleoenvironmental interpretation in the Baoji loess section, Southern Loess Plateau, China

Cited by 64 publications

References 25 publications

Strontium isotopic and elemental characteristics of calcites in the eolian dust profile of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma

Strontium isotopic and elemental characteristics of calcites in the eolian dust profile of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma

Late quaternary glacial cycle and precessional period of clay mineral assemblages in the western pacific warm pool

Microanalysis of Dust Deposition inside Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Museum

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