Clay-Organic Complexes as Adsorbents for Phenol and Chlorophenols

Abstract

Abstract--Several clay-organic complexes were synthesized by placing quaternary ammonium cations on smectite by cation exchange. They were then examined for their ability to adsorb phenol and several of its chlorinated congeners. The organic cations used were: hexadecylpyridinium (HDPY+), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA+), trimethylphenyl ammonium (TMPA+), and tetramethylammonium (TMA+). The complexes containing long-chain alkyl (hexadecyl) groups were the most hydrophobic and adsorbed the phenols from water in proportion to their hydrophobicities, which increase with chlorine addition (phenol < chlorophenol < dichloropohenol < trichlorophenol). With n-hexane as the solvent, different adsorption was found which depended on the type and degree of solvent interactions with the compound and the clay-organic complex. Thus, the amount of adsorption of these phenols on clay-organic complexes was dependent on the relative energies of adsorbent-adsorbate and adsorbate-solvent interactions.

New insights into surface-functionalized swelling high charged micas: Their adsorption performance for non-ionic organic pollutants

“…This sorption isotherm type is due to two mechanisms: one in which the sorption is favored by the attractive forces solute-solute and a cooperative sorption occurs, and another, in which the sorption can be inhibited by a competitive reaction in the solution [25][26][27]. The isotherms type S, are observed when organic compounds are sorbed into covering the surface, allowing other molecules being more readily sorbed, in a model of cooperative sorption [28][29][30]. However, the isotherms of C12-Mica-4 show the convex upward shape, similar to L-type, which indicates the formation of a solute phase (interlayer sorption of phenol) on the organoclay surface, which serves as additional sorbent [31].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Organoclay via Cation Exchange Reaction

“…Killerin yüzey modifikasyonunun ana odağı malzeme bilimidir, çünkü modifiye killer (organokil) polimer nanokompozitleri geliştirmek için gereklidir. Modifiye killer aynı zamanda toprak, su ve havadaki kirleticiler için adsorbent olarak, boyalar, kozmetik, refrakter vernik, tiksotropik sıvılar (de Paiva et al, 2008), reolojik kontrol maddeleri (Mortland et al, 1986;Lee and Kim, 2002), ileri malzemelerin hazırlanmasında (optic, elektronik, nanokompozitler gibi), atıksu arıtma (Lee and Kim 2002;Zampori et al, 2010), petrol aramalarında, yemeklik yağların ağartılmasında ve içeceklerin berraklaştırılmasında adsorplayıcı (Murray, 1991) olarak kullanılmaktadır.…”

Organo-Bentonit Üretimi ve Organo-Bentonitlerin Kirlilik Giderimi Çalışmalarında Kullanımı

“…Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 2015, 2: [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Organobentonit Üretimi ve Kirlilik Gideriminde Kullanımı 22 (1950) yaptıkları diğer bir çalışmada iyon değiştirme yöntemiyle çeşitli alifatik amonyum bentonit kompleksleri hazırlamışlardır ve bu malzemelferin birçok organik sıvıda ve organik sıvı karışımlarındaki jelleşme özelliklerini incelemişlerdir. Kil ve organik amonyum tuzları arasında tam iyon değiştirme gerçekleştiğinde optimum jelleşmenin olduğunu göstermişlerdir [21].…”