Clay Supported Zero Valent Iron Nanocomposites: Advancement in the Field of Green Catalyst for Abatement of Persistent Pollutant

A novel co-contaminated sediment treatment approach: Quercus petraea leaf-extracted nZVI supported on native clay and biochar for potentially toxic elements and PAHs removal

“…The optimal mass percentage of green nanomaterials which was added to the sediment, and which has showed the most effective results is 5%, as was described by the research paper Slijepčević et al (2018Slijepčević et al ( , 2021. Therefore, the mentioned mass percentages were also observed in this work.…”

“…Characterization of nano zero-valent iron synthesized from oak leaves extract has already been described in detail from previous research by Slijepčević et al (2021), where results demonstrated that OL-nZVI is nontoxic and it is stabile nanomaterial for application in the sediment remediation. The use of supporting agents like native clay and biochar in nanoparticle synthesis enhance dispersion reduces potential agglomeration and also improves adsorption capacity of nanoparticles.…”

“…The use of supporting agents like native clay and biochar in nanoparticle synthesis enhance dispersion reduces potential agglomeration and also improves adsorption capacity of nanoparticles. These two porous materials were chosen based on theirs many characteristics, as well as the efficiency that clays and biochar showed in the case of stabilizing iron nanoparticles and their further application in the treatment of contaminated environment matrixes (Slijepčević et al 2018(Slijepčević et al , 2021Oleszczuk and Koltowski 2017;Soliemanzadeh and Fekri 2017;Tomašević Pilipović et al 2018;Ruiz-Torres et al 2018;Qiao et al 2018;Wang et al 2019a). Using BET structural analysis, a lower value of the specific surface area of stabilized nanoparticles was observed than that of the native clay itself (Table S1).…”

“…The lower value of the specific surface is due to the fact that the surface of the green nanoparticles is covered with organic molecules that are an integral part of polyphenols and other macromolecules found in the extract of oak leaves (Slijepčević et al 2021). The decreased specific surface area was also noticed in the case of biochar, and this may be because the pore structure of biochar was blocked by dispersed nanoparticles.…”

“…Therefore, eco-friendly and non-hazardous, bio-based "green" synthesized methods for nZVI have been developed and used in this research. Previous studies have reported that green synthesized nZVI from plant extracts has been used for the removal of metals (Poguberović et al 2016;Stefaniuk et al 2016;Francy et al 2020;Slijepčević et al 2021). However, nZVI alone has the tendency to aggregate so researchers developed new stabilized nZVI material using zeolite (Li et al 2020), kaolinite (Lakkaboyana et al 2021), activated carbon (Li et al 2022), and bentonite (Diao and Chu 2021).…”