Clay swelling — A challenge in the oilfield

Anderson, R. L.; Ratcliffe, Ian; Greenwell, H. Christopher; Williams, Peter A.; Cliffe, S.; Coveney, Peter V.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.11.003

Cited by 561 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In the current study, the soils in higher activity classes (Bale-mont and SJ-ver) were more susceptible to reductions in HC by higher Na + solutions, than the less reactive Red-kao soil. The tendency of Na + ions to facilitate the formation of multiple (3 or 4) layer hydrates in smectite clays leads to greater swelling and reduction of HC (Anderson et al, 2010). The TE conc did not increase for the Bale-mont in any of the SAR treatments, but it can be concluded that the HC of the Bale-mont soil was reduced by all SAR treatments.…”

Section: Effects Of Sodium On Soil Hydraulic Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 75%

The effect of mineral-ion interactions on soil hydraulic conductivity

Buelow

Steenwerth

Parikh

2015

Agricultural Water Management

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a b s t r a c tThe reuse of winery wastewater (WW) could provide an alternative water source for vineyard irrigation. The shift of many wineries and other food processing industries to K + -based cleaners requires studies on the effects of K + on soil hydraulic conductivity (HC). Depending on clay content and mineral composition, K + additions can affect the HC either positively or negatively. Soil mineralogy was anticipated to exhibit a strong influence on HC responses and, therefore, soils of contrasting mineralogy were evaluated for changes in soil HC resulting from applications of solutions elevated in Na + and K + . To examine the impact of mineral-ion relationships on HC, soils dominant in montmorillonite, vermiculite, or kaolinite from the Napa and Lodi wine regions of California, were packed into soil columns to observe changes in leachate chemistry and HC. Irrigation with Na + -and K + -rich WW was simulated by applying solutions at sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values of 3, 6, and 9 and potassium absorption ratio (PAR) values of 1, 2, 4, and 9. While HC was reduced in the 2:1 clay soils (montmorillonite and vermiculite) for all SAR treatments, the vermiculite and the kaolinite rich soils exhibited equal or greater reductions in HC for PAR treatments, as compared with the SAR treatments. Findings from this evaluation of the interaction of Na + and K + with three different mineral soils suggest that the reuse of WW with increasing PAR are least problematic for montmorillonite dominated soils and most detrimental to the HC of the vermiculite dominated soil. The presence of minerals with a high affinity for K + (e.g., vermiculite, mica) in this soil suggest that the interlayer binding of K + could lead to greater reductions in HC. Full analysis of soil and WW is recommended prior to all land applications.

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Section: Effects Of Sodium On Soil Hydraulic Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 75%

The effect of mineral-ion interactions on soil hydraulic conductivity

Buelow

Steenwerth

Parikh

2015

Agricultural Water Management

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“…In particular, the adsorbed amounts of nanoparticles onto the clay surfaces did not display saturation under the conditions studied. Anderson et al (2010) showed that cationic quaternary groups might form electrostatic interactions with negatively charged surfaces of the clay, in addition to the hydrogen bonds and enhanced inhibition of swelling. Although the surface charge of quat/PEG-coated silica nanoparticles is positive (i.e., positive zeta potential for this surface shown in Table 1), the adsorption results indicate that the presence of quaternary ammonium on silica particle surfaces does not remarkably influence the adsorption isotherm over a wide range of particle concentration.…”

Section: Effect Of Surface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of surface-modified silica nanoparticles with clay minerals

2016

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In this study, the adsorption of 5-nm silica nanoparticles onto montmorillonite and illite is investigated. The effect of surface functionalization was evaluated for four different surfaces: unmodified, surfacemodified with anionic (sulfonate), cationic (quaternary ammonium (quat)), and nonionic (polyethylene glycol (PEG)) surfactant. We employed ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to determine the concentration of adsorbed nanoparticles in conditions that are likely to be found in subsurface reservoir environments. PEG-coated and quat/ PEG-coated silica nanoparticles were found to significantly adsorb onto the clay surfaces, and the effects of electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl) and concentration, nanoparticle concentration, pH, temperature, and clay type on PEG-coated nanoparticle adsorption were studied. The type and concentration of electrolytes were found to influence the degree of adsorption, suggesting a relationship between the interlayer spacing of the clay and the adsorption ability of the nanoparticles. Under the experimental conditions reported in this paper, the isotherms for nanoparticle adsorption onto montmorillonite at 25°C indicate that adsorption occurs less readily as the nanoparticle concentration increases.

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“…Extensive studies have detailed the structures and properties of basal surfaces. The surfaces have been shown to be terminated with siloxanes, the Si-O rings of which are important adsorbing sites for many cations (Cygan et al, 2004(Cygan et al, , 2009Bergaya et al, 2006;Liu and Lu, 2006;Liu et al, 2007Liu et al, , 2008aAnderson et al, 2010). In contrast, the edge surfaces have more complex structures and thus more subtle properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-scale structures of interfaces between phyllosilicate edges and water

Liu

Meijer

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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We report first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) studies on the structures of interfaces between phyllosilicate edges and water. Using FPMD, the substrates and solvents are simulated at the same first-principles level, and the thermal motions are sampled via molecular dynamics. Both the neutral and charged silicate frameworks are considered, and for charged cases, the octahedral (Mg for Al) and tetrahedral (Al for Si) substitutions are taken into account. For all frameworks, we focus on the commonly occurring (0 1 0)-and (1 1 0)-type edge surfaces.With constrained FPMD, we calculated the free energy of the leaving processes of coordinated water of octahedral cations; therefore, the coordination states of those edge cations are determined. For (0 1 0)-type edges, both the 5-and 6-fold coordination states of Al are stable and occur with a similar probability, whereas only the 5-fold coordination is stable for Mg cations. For (1 1 0)-type edges, only the 6-fold states of Al cations are stable. However, for Mg cations, both coordination states are stable. In the 5-fold case, the solvent water molecules form H-bonds with the bridging oxygen atoms (i.e., "MgAOASi"). The free energy results indicate that there should be a considerable number of 5-fold coordinated octahedral sites (i.e., "MgAOH/ "AlAOH) at the interfaces. The interfacial structures and acid/base groups were determined by detailed H-bonding analyses.(1) Bridging oxygen sites. For (0 1 0) edges, the bridging oxygen atoms are not effective proton-accepting sites because they are inaccessible from the solvent. For (1 1 0) edges, the oxygen atoms of neutral and octahedrally substituted frameworks (i.e., "MAOASi" for M@Al/Mg) are proton-accepting sites. For T-sheet substituted cases, the bridging oxygen site becomes a proton-donating group (i.e., "AlAOHASi") through the capture of a proton. (2) T-sheet groups. All T-sheet edge groups are "MAOH (M@Si/Al) and act as both proton donors and acceptors. (3)O-sheet groups. For (0 1 0) edges with 6-fold Al, the active surface groups include "AlA(OH)(H 2 O) and "AlA(OH) 2 , whereas for Mg cations, the edge group is "MgA(OH 2 ) 2 . For 5-fold coordination, the active groups are "AlAOH. At (1 1 0) edges, proton-donating sites include "AlAOH, "AlAOH 2 and "MgAOH 2 groups. Overall, our results reveal the significant effects of isomorphic substitutions on the interfacial structures, and the models provide a molecular-level basis for understanding relevant interfacial processes.

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Clay swelling — A challenge in the oilfield

Cited by 561 publications

References 102 publications

The effect of mineral-ion interactions on soil hydraulic conductivity

The effect of mineral-ion interactions on soil hydraulic conductivity

Interaction of surface-modified silica nanoparticles with clay minerals

Atomic-scale structures of interfaces between phyllosilicate edges and water

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