Clean and oxygen covered InP(110) surfaces differential reflectivity

Cricenti, A.; Selci, S.; Felici, Anna Candida; Ferrari, L.; Gavrilovich, A. B.; Goletti, C.; Chiarotti, G.

doi:10.1116/1.577570

Cited by 10 publications

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“…InP n-type samples were cleaved in a UHV environment with the double wedge technique obtaining reproducible flat mirror-like surfaces. The reflectivity variation brought about by the oxidation of a clean cleaved InP(110) surface [21,22,29,[59][60][61] was measured as a function of the photon energy in the range 2.0-4.0 eV. Figure 6 shows DR/R for two different exposures (2 × 10 3 (curve b) and 2 × 10 6 L O 2 (curve a)).…”

Section: A Mixed Case: Inp(110)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface differential reflectivity for studying surface state optical transitions—a review

Cricenti¹

2004

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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In this paper we present an overview of the method of surface differential reflectivity (SDR) for the study of semiconductor surfaces. We will describe the principles of the technique and the experimental apparatus together with some theoretical considerations concerning the connection of SDR with the microscopic properties of the surface. In particular, the analysis of SDR is done in the frame of a macroscopic three layers model in which the media involved (vacuum, surface and substrate) are assumed to have definite anisotropic dielectric functions. A few experimental results, indicative of the potential of the technique, will be shown.

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Section: A Mixed Case: Inp(110)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is then possible to say that the variation of sample reflectivity after oxygen adsorption is due to [21,22]: (i) the disappearance of surface states; (ii) the variation of the Franz-Keldish (FK) effect in the space charge region; (iii) the optical properties of the growing oxide layer. It is possible to write:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface differential reflectivity for studying surface state optical transitions—a review

Cricenti¹

2004

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy in Analysis of Surfaces

Hummel

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a surface analytical technique. It uses ultraviolet (UV), visible, or infrared (IR) light as a probing medium. The interaction of light with “strongly absorbing materials”, such as metals, alloys, semiconductors, etc. occurs in the first 10–20 nm. Thus the differential reflectometer probes 50–100 atomic layers into nontransparent solid surfaces. Because of the specific probing depth of light, DRS fills the gap between other surface techniques such as ion‐scattering, Auger spectroscopy, and ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis), which probe 1, 5, or even 20 monolayers, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) which probes as deep as 1–50 µm into a bulk material. The information gained by DRS is somewhat different from that obtained by the other surface techniques mentioned. A “differential reflectogram” reveals details about the electron structure around the Fermi surface. Specifically, the instrument allows the exact measurement of the energies which electrons absorb from photons as they are raised into a higher, allowed energy states. Since each material has a specific electron‐band structure the measurement of the characteristic energies for electron “interband transitions” serves as a means for identifying these materials. Furthermore, investigation of any shift of these characteristic energies, which may be caused by the addition of solute elements to a solvent, by transformations, lattice defects, ordering, or the like, provides a deeper insight into the nature of the solid state. The application of DRS is, of course, not restricted to strongly absorbing materials such as metals, alloys, or semiconductors. Its strength has likewise been demonstrated in the identification and characterization of transparent or semitransparent surface layers as observed in thin‐film corrosion products on metal substrates. DRS is used to scan two samples whose properties differ slightly. Thus, the main advantage of DRS over conventional optical techniques lies in its ability to eliminate any undesirable influences of oxides, windows, electrolytes, instrumental variations, and the like, owing to the differential nature of the technique. No vacuum is needed unless measurements in the vacuum UV are desired. Thus, the formation of a surface layer due to environmental interactions can be studied in situ. The measurements are fast: a complete differential reflectogram, that is, an automatic scan from the UV through the visible into the IR region, is accomplished in about 3 min.

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Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy in Analysis of Surfaces

Hummel

Dubroca

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a surface analytical technique. It uses ultraviolet (UV), visible, or infrared (IR) light as a probing medium. The interaction of light with ‘strongly absorbing materials’, such as metals, alloys, and semiconductors, occurs in the first 10–20 nm. Thus, the differential reflectometer probes 50–100 atomic layers into nontransparent solid surfaces. Because of the specific probing depth of light, DRS fills the gap between other surface techniques such as ion scattering, Auger spectroscopy, and ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis), which probe 1, 5, or even 20 monolayers, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) that probes as deep as 1–50 µm into a bulk material. The information gained by DRS is somewhat different from that obtained by the other surface techniques mentioned. A ‘differential reflectogram’ reveals details about the electron structure around the Fermi surface. Specifically, the instrument allows the exact measurement of the energies, which electrons absorb from photons as they are raised into a higher, allowed energy states. As each material has a specific electron band structure, the measurement of the characteristic energies for electron ‘interband transitions’ serves as a means for identifying these materials. Furthermore, investigation of any shift in these characteristic energies, which may be caused by the addition of solute elements to a solvent, by transformations, lattice defects, ordering, or the like, provides a deeper insight into the nature of the solid state. The application of DRS is, of course, not restricted to strongly absorbing materials such as metals, alloys, or semiconductors. Its strength has likewise been demonstrated in the identification and characterization of transparent or semitransparent surface layers as observed in thin‐film corrosion products on metal substrates. DRS is used to scan two samples whose properties differ slightly. Thus, the main advantage of DRS over conventional optical techniques lies in its ability to eliminate any undesirable influences of oxides, windows, electrolytes, instrumental variations, and the like, owing to the differential nature of the technique. No vacuum is needed unless measurements in the vacuum UV are desired. Thus, the formation of a surface layer due to environmental interactions can be studied in situ. The measurements are fast: a complete differential reflectogram, that is, an automatic scan from the UV through the visible into the IR region, is accomplished in about 3 min.

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Clean and oxygen covered InP(110) surfaces differential reflectivity

Abstract: Extended xray absorption fine structure and xray standing wave study of the clean InP(110) surface relaxation J.Abstract: Adsorption of oxygen on clean InSb(110) surfaces J.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Surface differential reflectivity for studying surface state optical transitions—a review

Surface differential reflectivity for studying surface state optical transitions—a review

Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy in Analysis of Surfaces

Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy in Analysis of Surfaces

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