Clean drinking water solution for rural India: Portable sip-up

Abstract

Ceramic water filters (CWFs) have been used in India due to their low expense, ease of manufacture, and livelihood sustenance features. However, the use and throw character of such systems has not been achieved. The purpose of this study is to develop and investigate the portable CWF variant named Sip-up, which can be attached to any commercially available bottle-based containers. These are porous functional structures made of a distinct volume fraction combination of salty clay, sawdust, and marble powder wet mix, formed into cylindrical shapes and baked at 650°C. The influent and filtrate water samples were analyzed. After filtration, the pH, on average, significantly improves from 8.2 to 7.4. The TDS level, conductivity, and salt content have been reduced by 8.43%, 6.89%, and 5.83%, respectively, which conforms to the WHO limits. A 99% reduction of E. Coli bacteria through CWF was also observed. This portable water filter will be accessible to the people at the lowest economic pyramid.