Clean hydrogen for mobility – Quo vadis?

Ravi, Sai Sudharshan; Aziz, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.04.158

Cited by 49 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…1 The safety of hydrogen tanks and the energy required for compression to high pressure have drastically slowed down the spread of the hydrogen-based mobility. 2 Several alternatives have been proposed to overcome these problems using inorganic or organic carriers. 3,4 Among all the available species, ammonia borane (AB) is one of the most interesting compounds with a theoretical gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity (GHSC) of up to 19.6 wt %.…”

Section: ■ Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The development of highly efficient materials for chemical hydrogen storage is one of the great challenges for driving the hydrogen economy to a major breakthrough . The safety of hydrogen tanks and the energy required for compression to high pressure have drastically slowed down the spread of the hydrogen-based mobility . Several alternatives have been proposed to overcome these problems using inorganic or organic carriers. , Among all the available species, ammonia borane (AB) is one of the most interesting compounds with a theoretical gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity (GHSC) of up to 19.6 wt %. , The most challenging and attractive AB dehydrogenation route is the solid-state thermal-induced dehydrogenation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the Effect of Carbon Nanotube Oxidation on Solid-State Decomposition of Ammonia Borane/Carbon Nanotube Composites

2022

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Among the routes to perform hydrogen release from ammonia in solid state, the nanoconfinement into a carbonaceous matrix or the use of carbon-supported catalysts for the thermal degradation of ammonia borane (AB) is the most interesting one. Oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent a suitable choice for preparing AB mixtures or for anchoring catalysts for dehydrogenation. Nevertheless, literature lacks detailed study about the influence of CNT oxidation degree on the AB degradation/hydrogen release. In this study, we first described in a comprehensive way that the thermal degradation of AB mixed with CNTs by varying the CNT oxidation degree enlightens the degradative routes mainly active in each case. Using highly oxidized CNTs, we observed a decrement of activation energy of the degradative process up to around 53% and the activation/suppression of different pathways based on the amount of oxygen functionalities present in the mixtures. Furthermore, the presence of oxidized CNTs modulated the solid-state reactivity of AB reducing the release of nitrogen/boron species together with hydrogen. These findings lead the way for the design of new hydrogen storage materials.

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Section: ■ Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Effect of Carbon Nanotube Oxidation on Solid-State Decomposition of Ammonia Borane/Carbon Nanotube Composites

2022

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“…Coal is used to produce black and brown hydrogen, the colours referring to the types of coal used in the process: bituminous (black) and lignite (brown) [66]. H 2 is produced in a process by gasifying coal, where high quantities of GHGs such as CO 2 and CO are produced [67].…”

Section: Black and Brown Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Based Energy Systems: Current Technology Development Status, Opportunities and Challenges

Rolo,

Costa,

Brito

2023

Energies

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The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier within the scope of the decarbonisation of the world’s energy production and utilisation is seen by many as an integral part of this endeavour. However, the discussion around hydrogen technologies often lacks some perspective on the currently available technologies, their Technology Readiness Level (TRL), scope of application, and important performance parameters, such as energy density or conversion efficiency. This makes it difficult for the policy makers and investors to evaluate the technologies that are most promising. The present study aims to provide help in this respect by assessing the available technologies in which hydrogen is used as an energy carrier, including its main challenges, needs and opportunities in a scenario in which fossil fuels still dominate global energy sources but in which renewables are expected to assume a progressively vital role in the future. The production of green hydrogen using water electrolysis technologies is described in detail. Various methods of hydrogen storage are referred, including underground storage, physical storage, and material-based storage. Hydrogen transportation technologies are examined, taking into account different storage methods, volume requirements, and transportation distances. Lastly, an assessment of well-known technologies for harnessing energy from hydrogen is undertaken, including gas turbines, reciprocating internal combustion engines, and fuel cells. It seems that the many of the technologies assessed have already achieved a satisfactory degree of development, such as several solutions for high-pressure hydrogen storage, while others still require some maturation, such as the still limited life and/or excessive cost of the various fuel cell technologies, or the suitable operation of gas turbines and reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with hydrogen. Costs below 200 USD/kWproduced, lives above 50 kh, and conversion efficiencies approaching 80% are being aimed at green hydrogen production or electricity production from hydrogen fuel cells. Nonetheless, notable advances have been achieved in these technologies in recent years. For instance, electrolysis with solid oxide cells may now sometimes reach up to 85% efficiency although with a life still in the range of 20 kh. Conversely, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) working as electrolysers are able to sometimes achieve a life in the range of 80 kh with efficiencies up to 68%. Regarding electricity production from hydrogen, the maximum efficiencies are slightly lower (72% and 55%, respectively). The combination of the energy losses due to hydrogen production, compression, storage and electricity production yields overall efficiencies that could be as low as 25%, although smart applications, such as those that can use available process or waste heat, could substantially improve the overall energy efficiency figures. Despite the challenges, the foreseeable future seems to hold significant potential for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, as the demand for hydrogen continues to grow, particularly in transportation, building heating, and power generation, new business prospects emerge. However, this should be done with careful regard to the fact that many of these technologies still need to increase their technological readiness level before they become viable options. For this, an emphasis needs to be put on research, innovation, and collaboration among industry, academia, and policymakers to unlock the full potential of hydrogen as an energy vector in the sustainable economy.

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“…Fuel cells are primary cells in which hydrogen and oxygen (as pure oxygen or air) are continuously fed to the anodic and cathodic compartments, respectively, to convert the chemical energy into electrical energy [15][16][17][18][19][20]. This device implies a triple contact between the electrode, the gas, and the electrolyte.…”

Section: Fuel Cell (Fc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

Minelli

Vertova

et al. 2022

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

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Clean hydrogen for mobility – Quo vadis?

Cited by 49 publications

References 147 publications

Unraveling the Effect of Carbon Nanotube Oxidation on Solid-State Decomposition of Ammonia Borane/Carbon Nanotube Composites

Unraveling the Effect of Carbon Nanotube Oxidation on Solid-State Decomposition of Ammonia Borane/Carbon Nanotube Composites

Hydrogen-Based Energy Systems: Current Technology Development Status, Opportunities and Challenges

Nanostructured Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

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